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funsZ'ku rFkk ijke'kZ



                    uksV          •  ckyd dh ekufld {kerkvksa ,oa vfHkizsj.kk osQ xq.kuiQy dks fu"ifÙk dgrs gSaA fu"ifÙk ijh{k.kksa }kjk 'kSf{kd
                                     mís';ksa dh izkfIr dh iqf"V djrs gSa] fu"ifÙk ijh{k.kksa dh lgk;rk ls lh[ks gq, Kku vFkok 'kSf{kd miyfCèk;ksa
                                     dk cks/ gksrk gSA budksa lk/kj.kr;k nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr dj ldrs gSaA
                                  (1)   KkukRed 'kSf{kd miyfC/ (Cognitive Outcomes of Education) rFkk
                                  (2)   vKkukRed 'kSf{kd miyfC/ (Non-Cognitive Outcomes of Education)A
                                  •  KkukRed 'kSf{kd miyfC/ (Cognitive Outcomes of Education)—f'k{kk esa 'kks/dk;ks± osQ }kjk bu

                                     miyfC/;ksa osQ ckjs esa Kkr fd;k x;k gS]
                                  •  fu"ifÙk ijh{k.k dk mi;ksx lk/kj.kr% f'k{kk] m|ksx] lkoZtfud lsokvksa] lsuk] funsZ'ku rFkk ijke'kZ vkfn {ks=kksa

                                     esa fd;k tkrk gSA bu ijh{k.kksa dk mi;ksx izeq[k :i ls v/ksfyf[kr dk;ksZ esa fd;k tkrk gSμ(1)
                                     vuqfLFkfr;k¡ vFkok Js.kh iznku djuk] (2) vxyh d{kk esa inksUufr] (3) fofHkUu lsokvksa esa p;u] (4)
                                     lsokvksa esa inksUufr osQ fy,] (5) Nk=kksa dk oxhZdj.k] (6)f'k{kk funsZ'ku] (7) f'k{k.k vf/xe dh
                                     izHkko'khyrk] rFkk (8) O;kolkf;d funsZ'kuA
                                  •  fu"ifÙk ijh{k.k rhu izdkj osQ gksrs gSaA budk fooj.k ;gk¡ fn;k x;k gSμ1- fyf[kr ijh{k.k (Writeen Test),
                                     2- ekSf[kd ijh{k.k (Oral Test), 3-iz;ksxkRed ijh{k.k (Practical Test)A
                                  •  fu"ifÙk ijh{k.kksa esa fyf[kr ijh{k.kksa dk fo'ks"k egRo gS D;ksafd budk iz;ksx lHkh izdkj osQ ikB~;Øeksa osQ

                                     fu"ifÙk ijh{k.kksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA fyf[kr ijh{k.k rhu izdkj dk gksrk gSμ
                                  (1) fucU/kRed ijh{k.k (Essay Type Tests) (2)oLrqfu"B ijh{k.k (Objective Type Tests) (3) lw{e
                                        mÙkj ijh{k.k (Short Answer Type Tests)A
                                  •  fucU/kRed ijh{kk,¡— vk/qfud izpfyr ijh{k.k iz.kkyh esa fucU/kRed ijh{kk,¡ vf/d iz;qDr dh
                                     tkrh gSaA
                                     fo'ks"krk,¡—v/ksfyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ gksrh gSaμ 1- fucU/kRed ijh{kkvksa ls mPpLrjh; ckSf¼d oqQ'kyrkvksa
                                     tSlsμKku&iz;ksx] lkSUn;kZuqHkwfr] {kerkvksa dh ijh{kk dh tkrh gSA 2- buls ckydksa osQ ekSfyd fpUru ,oa lw>
                                     rFkk ltZukRed {kerkvksa dh tk¡p dh tkrh gSA
                                  •  bl izR;; dks fuEufyf[kr mnkgj.kksa ls Li"V fd;k x;k gSμ

                                  (1)   nks leku ;ksX;rkvksa okys Nk=kksa dh fu"ifÙk;ksa esa vUrj gks ldrk gSA ftl Nk=k dks vf/d izsj.kk nh xbZ
                                        gS] mlosQ vad ;k izkIrkad vf/d gks ldrs gSa] vkSj ftldks izsj.kk ugha feyh gS mlosQ vad de gks ldrs
                                        gSaA ;g dkj.k funku ls gh Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
                                  •  funku dh izfØ;k O;fDrxr vf/d gksrh gS] blosQ v/ksfyf[kr dk;Z gSaμ oxhZdj.k (Classification)—
                                     funku dh izfØ;k dk oxhZdj.k izkFkfed lksiku ;k y{; ekuk tkrk gSA ;g foHkktu v/ksfyf[kr lkekU; xq.kksa
                                     ij vk/kfjr gksrk gSμ (v) ekufld Lrj (Intellectual Level), (c) O;kolkf;d Lrj (Vocational
                                     Level), rFkk (l) laxhr dh izo.krk (Musical Level)A
                                  •  fof'k"V ;ksX;rkvksa dk ekiu (Assessment of Specific Abilities)—funku dk nwljk lksiku Nk=kksa dh

                                     fof'k"V ;ksX;rkvksa dk ekiu djuk gksrk gS] blosQ vUrxZr v/ksfyf[kr fuEukafdr ;ksX;rkvksa dk Lrj Kkr fd;k
                                     tkrk gSμ
                                  (v)   lek;kstu dk Lrj (Level of Adjustment); (c) vlek;kstu dk Lrj (Level of Abnormality); (l)
                                        mRlqdrk dk Lrj (Level of Anxiety); (n) grk'kk dk Lrj (Level of Depression); (l) oSeuL;rk
                                        dk Lrj (Level of Hostility)A



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