Page 255 - DEDU503_EDUCATIONAL_MANAGEMENT_HINDI

bdkbZ—19% fo|ky; fujh{k.k

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment) uksV

fjDr LFkkuksa dh iw£r djsa (Fill in the blanks)μ
1. Hkkjr esa fujh{k.k osQ bfrgkl izkjEHk ------------ dh laLrqfr osQ ckn gqbZA
2. fujh{k.k dk iz;kstu f'k{kdksa osQ ------------ dks izHkkoh cukuk gSA

3. ------------ esa fujh{k.kdrkZ fujh{k.k osQ ckn leL;kvksa ij viuh jk; f'k{kdksa] ofj"B f'k{kdksa dks ns nsrs gSaA
4. ------------ tura=kh; ewY;ksa ij vk/kfjr gksrk gSA

19-9 lkjka'k (Summary)

• osCLVj (Webster) vaxzsth 'kCndks"k osQ vuqlkj fujh{k.k dk vFkZ fo|ky; osQ dk;ks± dk fujh{k.k gh
fo|ky;&fujh{k.k dgk tk ldrk gSA MkW- eq[kthZ osQ vuqlkjμofj"B vè;kid vFkok iz/kukè;kid }kjk
fd;s x;s ewY;kadu dks fujh{k.k dgk tkrk gSA
• Hkkjr esa fujh{k.k osQ bfrgkl dh 'kq:vkr ^cqM osQ ?kks"k.kk&i=k* 1854 dh laLrqfr osQ ckn gksrh gS] ftlosQ
vuqlkj izR;sd jkT; esa ,d ^Mk;jsDVj vkWiQ ifCyd bULVªD'ku* dh fu;qfDr gqbZ FkhA iqu% bu MkbjsDVjksa
osQ fy, f'k{kk dh fLFkfr dk lgh fp=k izLrqr djus osQ fy, ;ksX; ^bULisDVjksa dh vko';drk lq>k;h xbZA
bULisDVj dk dk;Z lkekftd :i ls LowQyh vkSj dkWystksa dh fLFkfr dk fooj.k ljdkj dks Hkstuk gksrk
FkkA budk dk;Z ijh{kk djkuk o muesa lg;ksx nsuk Hkh FkkA
• 1928 esa lkbeu deh'ku dh LFkkiuk gqbZA mlus rRdkyhu fo|ky; fujh{k.k dh dfe;ksa dh vksj è;ku
fn;kA ekè;fed f'k{kk vk;ksx (1952&53) us Hkh fujh{k.k dh dfe;ksa dk mYys[k djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd
,sls vusd mnkgj.k gSa] ftuosQ vk/kj ij ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd tks le; bULisDVj] bULisD'ku ij
fcrkrs gSa] og de gS] cfYd vf/d le; os iz'kklfud dk;ks± dks ns[kus esa yxkrs gSaA
• vè;kidksa dks ekxZn'kZu nssus dk dk;Z Hkh fujh{kd dk gSA dksbZ Hkh ekxZn'kZd vc rd ekxZn'kZu ugha ns
ldrk] tc rd og vius v/hu O;fDr dh {kerkvksa dks lw{erk ls ugha igpkurkA bu {kerkvksa dks
fujh{k.k ls gh le>k tk ldrk gSA bl vk/kj ij gh lq/kj osQ fy, lq>ko fn, tk ldrs gSaA
• fujh{k.k dk dk;Z f'k{kdksa osQ fo|k£Fk;ksa dh leL;kvksa dk funku djus rFkk mudh ;ksX;rk dk ewY;kadu
djus esa lgk;rk nsuk gSA
• fujh{k.k dk dk;Z f'k{kdksa dks ikB~;Øe fuekZ.k djus dk Kku iznku djuk rFkk ikB~;Øe fuekZ.k esa eq[;
mís'; ls voxr djkuk gSA
• la'kks/ukRedμbl mikxe esa fujh{k.k osQ vUrxZr fo|ky; dh fofHkUu xfrfof/;ksa] izo`fÙk;ksa] dk;kZy;
dh xfrfofèk;ksa dk voyksdu djrk gS vkSj izHkkoh fu"ifÙk osQ fy, vko';d lq/kj osQ fy, la'kks/u izLrqr
djrk gSA voyksdu fo'oluh; gksa] blosQ fy, vko';d fjdkMZ ,df=kr djrk gS rHkh lq>ko fo'oluh;
gks ldrs gSaA
• fujks/kRed fujh{k.k esa fujh{k.kdrkZ fujh{k.k osQ ckn leL;kvksa ij viuh jk; f'k{kdksa] ofj"B f'k{kdksa rFkk
lEcfU/rksa dks ns nsrs gSa rkfd orZeku lafLFkfr;ksa esa lq/kj gks losQA ijUrq bl fujh{k.k esa fujh{kd dks i;kZIr
vuqHko gksuk pkfg,A Hkkoh lq/kj osQ Hkkoh ifj.kkeksa ls ifjfpr gksuk pkfg,A
• ;g turU=kh; ewY;ksa ij vk/kfjr gksrk gSA fujh{kd ,d lg;ksxh dh Hkwfedk dk fuokZg djrk gS ftldk
fujh{k.k fd;k tkrk gS og tkurk gS fd mlosQ fujh{k.k dk mís'; jpukRed gSA

• fujh{k.k l{ke vf/dkjh }kjk gksrk gSA ;g fujh{k.k nks izdkj dk gks ldrk gSμ(1) vkUrfjd (2) ckáA
vkUrfjd fujh{k.k fdlh fo|ky; laxBu dh izcU/dkfj.kh }kjk] izkpk;Z }kjk gks ldrk gSA ijUrq bl izdkj

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