Page 380 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu

uksV 3- ekxZ izn'kZuμbl fof/ ls O;fDrRo dk ewY;kadu djosQ ge Hkfo"; osQ fy, mudks ijke'kZ rFkk funsZ'ku
ns ldrs gSaA O;fDr dh :fp] vfHko`fÙk rFkk vfHk;ksX;rk dk Kku blosQ }kjk gks ldrk gSA
4- cqf¼ dk ekiuμoqQN iz{ksi.k ijh{k.k bl izdkj osQ gSa ftuosQ }kjk ge O;fDr dh cqf¼ osQ ckjs esa irk
pyk ldrs gSaA
5- ekufld fpfdRlk esa ykHkμiz{ksi.k fof/ osQ }kjk nfer bPNkvksa dks ljyrk ls fudkyk tk ldrk gS
rFkk NksVs cPpksa dh O;ogkj lEcU/h cgqr lh leL;kvksa dks blosQ vk/kj ij mipkj fd;k tk ldrk gS
(4) cká 'kkjhfjd izfof/;k¡ (Morphological Technique): bu fof/;ksa osQ Lo:i ls O;fDrRo ekiu fd;k
tkrk FkkA blesa efLr"d dh jpuk] 'kjhj dh jpuk] gLrjs[kk rFkk T;ksfr"k vkfn dk lgkjk ysdj O;fDrRo dk ekiu
fd;k tkrk FkkA ftl O;fDr dk diky ftruk cM+k gksrk gS] og mruk gh cqf¼ eku le>k tkrk FkkA ftl O;fDr
dh ukd rksrs tSlh gks rks mldks pkykd le>k tkrk FkkA blh izdkj gLrjs[kkvksa osQ vè;;u ls O;fDr osQ lEcU/
esa iwokZuqeku dj mlosQ O;fDrRo osQ izfr /kj.kk dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk FkkA
(5) fujh{k.k izfof/ (Observation Technique): bl fof/ esa fujh{k.k osQ vk/kj ij O;ogkj dk vè;;u
fd;k tkrk gSA NksVs cPPkksa gsrq ;g fof/ viukbZ tkrh gSA izR;{k] vizR;{k] LokHkkfod rFkk izekihÑr] fu;fU=kr
rFkk vfu;fU=kr fujh{k.k osQ ekè;e ls vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA
1- dkS'ky fujh{kdμ;fn fujh{kd oqQ'ky ,oa izf'kf{kr gS] ml ij cká rFkk vkUrfjd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk dksbZ
izHkko ugha iM+rk rks fu%lUnsg muosQ }kjk fd, x;s fujh{k.k osQ ifj.kke vPNs gksaxsA

2- rkRdkfyd ys[kkμijh{k.k osQ le; izkIr lwpukvksa dks rqjUr gh fy[k ysuk pkfg,A
3- oSKkfud ;U=kksa dk iz;ksxμoLrqfu"B fujh{k.k osQ fy, VsifjdkMZj] ,d i{k ijnk] oSQejk vkfn dk iz;ksx
fd;k tk,A
4- fuf'pr le;&fujh{k.k dk le; fuf'pr gks rkfd izfrfnu oqQN le; osQ fy, fujh{k.k fd;k tk,A
5- fujh{k.k O;ofLFkr gksμfujh{k.k esa ,d le; esa O;ogkj osQ ,d gh i{k dk vè;;u fd;k tk,A dbZ
xq.kksa dk vè;;u ,d lkFk djus ls xyfr;ksa dh lEHkkouk;sa vf/d jgrh gSaA
fujh{k.k izfof/ osQ nks"kμfujh{k.k fof/ esa nks"k Hkh ik;s tkrs gSa] ;g nks"k fuEufyf[kr izdkj ls gks ldrs gSaμ

(v) ifj.kkeksa esa lekurk u gksukμnks fujh{kdksa osQ fujh{k.k esa lekurk dk vHkko ik;k tkrk gSA
(c) fujh{kd osQ efLr"d ij ckydksa osQ xq.kμvoxq.kksa dk izHkko iM+rk gS ;g izHkko nwljs O;fDr osQ xq.kksa
dks Hkh izHkkfor djrk gSA
(6) lektfefr izfof/ (Sociometry Technique): vè;kid bl izfof/ dk iz;ksx Nk=kksa osQ fofHk lkekftd
xq.kksa osQ ekiu osQ fy, dj ldrk gSA bl izfof/ dk fodkl loZizFke eqjsuksa us fd;k FkkA
d{kk esa ckyd fdl Nk=k dks vf/d ilUn djrs gSa vkSj fdldks de_ blosQ fy, muls ;s iz'u dj ldrs gSμ
(1) rqEgsa d{kk esa vius ikl cSBus okyk pqurk gSA fdUgh nks Nk=kksa osQ uke fy[kksA
(2) rqEgsa ,d nkor nsuh gSA mu nks Nk=kksa osQ uke fy[kksa] ftUgsa nkor esa cqykvksxsA

(3) rqe Nk=kkokl esa viuk lkFkh fdldks cukuk ilUn djksxs\
bl fof/ dk iz;ksx fo|ky;] d{kk rFkk lekt osQ laxBu (Organization) osQ vè;;u osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
(7) lk{kkRdkj izfof/ (Interview Technique): O;fDrRo osQ ekiu esa lk{kkRdkj dk lokZf/d egRo gSA
'kkjhfjd rFkk ekufld voLFkkvksa dk bl fof/ ls vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA vkRefu"B lk{kkRdkj dbZ izdkj dk
gksrk gSμ
1- O;fDrxr rFkk lkewfgdμO;fDrxr lk{kkRdkj esa ,d le; esa ,d gh O;fDr ls lwpuk izkIr dh tkrh
gS] tcfd lkewfgd lk{kkRdkj esa ,d ;k nks ls vf/d O;fDr;ksa ls lwpuk izkIr dh tkrh gSA

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