Page 83 - DPOL102_INDIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM_HINDI

Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk

uksV ns'k osQ mu Hkkxksa esa Hkh ukxfjd LorU=krkvksa ij ikcanh yk ldrh gS tgk¡ ladVdky ykxw ugha gksrkA 44osa la'kks/u
osQ vuqlkj vuqPNsn 19 osQ }kjk nh xbZ LorU=krkvksa dks osQoy ml le; LFkfxr fd;k tk ldrk tcfd ;q¼
;k ckgjh vkØe.k osQ dkj.k ,slh ladVdky fLFkfr ykxw dh xbZ gksA
(v) vuqPNsn 20 vkSj 21 osQ }kjk feys vfèkdkjksa osQ vfrfjDr jk"Vªifr ukxfjdksa osQ ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dks
LFkfxr dj ldrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] laoSèkkfud mipkjksa osQ ekSfyd vfèkdkj (vuqPNsn 32) dks mi;qZDr nks
vuqPNsnksa esa fn, vfèkdkjksa dks NksM+ dj vU; vfèkdkjksa osQ lEcUèk esa LFkfxr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

(vi) ,sls ladVdky osQ nkSjku yksdlHkk vkSj jkT; foèkkulHkkvksa dk dk;Zdky c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA laln
bl lEcUèk esa dkuwu cuk ldrh gSA ;g o`f¼ ,d ckj esa ,d o"kZ ;k blls de le; osQ fy, gks ldrh gSA

(vii) ;fn dksbZ jkT; vuqPNsn 356 osQ vèkhu laoSèkkfud ladVdky osQ vèkhu gS vkSj jk"Vªifr osQ }kjk
vuqPNsn 352 osQ vèkhu ladVdky ykxw dj fn;k tkrk gS rks lEcfUèkr jkT; esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu ,d o"kZ osQ
lk/kj.k le; dh vis{kk 3 o"kZ rd c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA ,ssls ladVdky osQ nkSjku jk"Vªifr osQ }kjk tkjh fd,
x, lHkh vkns'kksa dks LohÑfr osQ fy, laln esa j[kuk gksrk gSA
(p) vuqPNsn 352 osQ ykxw fd, tkus dk fooj.k (Operation of Emergency Proclamation
under Art. 352)% vuqPNsn 352 osQ vèkhu Hkkjr ij phuh vkØe.k dks ns[krs gq, 26 vDrwcj] 1962 dks
izFke ckj ladVdky fLFkfr dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ FkhA 1965 esa ikfdLrku osQ lkFk ;q¼ osQ le; ;gh ladVdky
ykxw FkkA ;g ladVdky 1968 esa okil ys fy;k x;kA ijUrq 3 fnlEcj] 1971 dks bldks iqu% ykxw fd;k x;k]
D;ksafd ikfdLrku ls ;q¼ fNM+ x;k FkkA ;g ladVdky ekpZ] 1977 rd ykxw jgkA 26 twu] 1975 dks vkarfjd
xM+cM+ osQ dkj.k ns'k dh lqj{kk dks iSnk gq, [krjs osQ dkj.k jk"Vªifr osQ }kjk vuqPNsn 352 osQ vèkhu
ladVdkyhu fLFkfr dh ?kks"k.kk Hkh dj nh xbZA ;g ladVdky ekpZ] 1977 osQ pqukoksa esa Jherh bfUnjk xkaèkh vkSj
mlosQ ny dkaxzsl (vkbZ) dh ijkt; osQ i'pkr~ 22 ekpZ] 1977 dks okil fy;k x;kA

uksV~l 1977 osQ i'pkr~ vkt rd vuqPNsn 352 osQ v/hu ladVdky fLFkfr dh ?kks"k.kk ugha dh xbZ pkgs 1999
esa dkjfxy ;q¼ gqvk Fkk fiQj fnlEcj 2001 ls ysdj flrEcj&vDrwcj 2002 rd ikfdLrku ls ;q¼
dk [krjk cuk jgk FkkA

vuqPNsn 356 osQ vèkhu laoSèkkfud ladVdky
(Constitutional Emergency under Article 356)

lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 356 osQ vèkhu jk"Vªifr osQ ikl ;g vfèkdkj gS fd og fdlh jkT;@jkT;ksa esa laoSèkkfud
e'khujh isQy gks tkus ls fuiVus osQ fy, ladVdky ykxw djus dh ?kks"k.kk dj ldrk gSA bl vuqPNsn osQ vuqlkj]
;fn fdlh jkT; osQ jkT;iky dh fjiksVZ osQ vkèkkj ij ;k vU; lkèkuksa osQ }kjk jk"Vªifr dks ;g fo'okl gks tk,
fd jkT; ljdkj laoSèkkfud O;oLFkkvksa osQ vuqlkj dk;Z ugha dj jgh vFkok jkT; esas laoSèkkfud e'khujh vliQy
gks xbZ gS vkSj jkT; dk xBu djuk vFkok lapkyu lafoèkku osQ vuqlkj lEHko ugha jgkA vU; 'kCnksa esa jk"Vªifr
dks ;g fo'okl gks tk, fd fdlh jkT; esa laoSèkkfud e'khujh iw.kZ :i esa vliQy gks xbZ gS ;k ,slk gksuk vVy
gS rks og jkT; esa laoSèkkfud ladVdky yxkus dh ?kks"k.kk dj ldrk gSA jk"Vªifr fdlh jkT; esa Hkh laoS/kfud
ladVdky dh ?kks"k.kk dj ldrk gS ;fn mldks fo'okl gks tk, fd jkT; ljdkj jkT; esa ml le; la?k ljdkj
osQ iz'kklu ls lEcfUèkr osQUnzh; dkuwuksa vkSj uhfr;ksa ls lEcfUèkr fn'kk&funsZ'kksa dks ykxw ugha dj jgh ;k ,slk
djus ls budkj dj jgh gSA

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