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bdkbZ—5: la?kh; ljdkj% jk"Vªifr] mi&jk"Vªifr

(1) la?k ljdkj dks fdlh Hkh jkT; dks foÙkh; vkSfpR; ls lEcfUèkr fn'kk&funsZ'k nsus dk vfèkdkj fey tkrk uksV
gSA la?k ljdkj jkT; dks ,sls vkns'k ekuus osQ fy, dg ldrh gS] tks ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks iqu% LoLFk cukus
osQ fy, vko';d gksaA la?k ,sls fu;e cuk ldrk gS vkSj mudks jkT;ksa dks viukus osQ fy, dg ldrk gSA
(2) jk"Vªifr ,ssls lHkh foÙkh; dne mBk ldrk gS fd tSls osru rFkk dhersa fLFkj djuk vkSj foÙkh; fLFkjrk
vkSj Hkkjr dh foÙkh; fo'oluh;rk dh iqu% LFkkiuk osQ mís'; ls lHkh deZpkjh ;k deZpkfj;ksa osQ fdlh Hkh oxZ
osQ osru HkÙkksa esa dVkSrh djukA loksZPp U;k;ky; vkSj mPp U;k;ky;ksa osQ U;k;kèkh'kksa osQ osru vkSj HkÙkksa esa Hkh
dVkSrh dh tk ldrh gSA
(3) jk"Vªifr vkns'k ns ldrk gS fd jkT; foèkkulHkkvksa osQ }kjk ikl lHkh foÙkh; fcy mldh LohÑfr osQ fy,
vkjf{kr j[ks tk,aA

(4) jk"Vªifr la?k vkSj jkT;ksa osQ chp vk;@jktLo osQ foHkktu esa mfpr ifjorZu dj ldrk gSA
bl izdkj rhu izdkj dh ladVdky dh fLFkfr;k¡ ls fuiVus osQ fy, lafoèkku osQ vuqlkj jk"Vªifr dks O;kid
'kfDr;k¡ feyh gqbZ gSaA blh dkj.k bUgsa jk"Vªifr dh ladVdkyhu 'kfDr;k¡ dgk tkrk gSA ijUrq jk"Vªifr bu 'kfDr;ksa
dk iz;ksx Hkh izèkkueU=kh rFkk la?kh; efU=ke.My osQ ijke'kZ osQ vuqlkj djrk gSA

ladVdky dh O;oLFkk,¡ % vkykspukRed ewY;kadu
(Emergency Provisions : Critical Evaluation)

lafoèkku dh ladVdkyhu O;oLFkkvksa ij Hkkjr osQ jk"Vªifr dh fo'ks"k vkSj O;kid 'kfDr;k¡] tks okLro esa
izèkkueU=kh vkSj efU=ke.My osQ ikl gSa] dh dM+h vkykspuk gqbZ gSA laoSèkkfud fuekZ.k lHkk esa Hkh tc bu
O;oLFkkvksa ij ppkZ gqbZ Fkh rks vusd lnL;ksa us ;g Hkkx lafoèkku esa 'kkfey fd, tkus dh dBksj vkykspuk dh
FkhA Jh ,p-oh- dkeFk us dgk Fkk] ¶fo'o osQ fdlh Hkh yksdrkfU=kd lafoèkku esa ladVdky osQ ckjs esa gekjs
tSlk vè;k; ugha gSA ;g 'keZ dk fnu gS] ijekRek Hkkjrh;ksa dh lgk;rk djsaA¸ tc vuqPNsn 359] ftlesa
ladVdky fLFkfr osQ nkSjku ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa osQ LFkxu ls lEcfUèkr O;oLFkk gS] dks lafoèkku esa 'kkfey fd;k
x;k rks izksiSQlj osQ-Vh- 'kkg us bl dk;Zokgh dks izfrØeksa osQ vè;k; dk vafre f'k[kj dgk vkSj bldh vkykspuk
dh FkhA

ladVdkyhu O;oLFkk,¡ vFkkZr~ jk"Vªifr dh ladVdkyhu 'kfDr;ksa dh vkykspuk osQ eq[; fcUnq vxzfyf[kr jgs gSa %
1- yksdrU=k fojksèkh (Ante-Democratic)% ladVdkyhu O;oLFkk,¡ xSj&yksdrkaf=kd gSa D;ksafd ;s jk"Vªifr osQ
gkFkksa esa O;kid 'kfDr;k¡ osQfUnzr djrh gSa tks lHkh ekeyksa esa izèkkuea=kh vkSj osQUnzh; eaf=keaMy dk ijke'k ekuus
osQ fy, ikcan gksrk gSA okLro esa ;s 'kfDr;k¡ la?kh; eaf=keaMy dh 'kfDR;k¡ gh gSaA jk"Vªifr (iz/kuea=kh) ;g fu.kZ;
djrk gS fd dc fdl izdkj dh ladVdky yxk;k tkuk gS vkSj ,slh fLFkfr ls fuiVus osQ fy, dkSu&ls dne
mBk, tkus vko';d gSaA ,p-oh- dkeFk osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶eq>s Mj gS fd ge bl ,d vè;k; osQ }kj ,d rkuk'kkgh
jkT; ,d iqfyl jkT; dk uhao iRFkj j[kus dk iz;kl dj jgs gSaaA¸

2- la?kkRedrk fojksèkh (Ante-Federal)% ladVdkyhu O;oLFkkvksa osQ fo#¼ vkykspuk dk ,d n`<+ fcUnq ;g
jgk gS fd ;g vius LoHkko vkSj {ks=k esa la?kkRedrk dh fojksèkh gSaA osQUnz ljdkj fo'ks"k :i esa vuqPNsn 352
vkSj 356 osQ vèkhu ladVdky fLFkfr dh ?kks"k.kk djosQ jkT;&lwph osQ fo"k;ksa ij iz'kklu dks vius gkFkksa esa ys
ldrh gSA bl dne dk 'kq¼ izHkko la?kokn osQ ,dkRed esa cny tkus osQ :i esa fudyrk gSA ladVdky osQ
nkSjku Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ,dkRed lafoèkku cu tkrk gSA
3- U;k;ikfydk osQ fu;a=k.k ls ckgj gSa (Emergancy Proclamations are beyond Judicial

Control)% U;k;ikfydk dks jk"Vªifr osQ }kjk ykxw dh xbZ ladVdky dh ?kks"k.kkvksa osQ vkSfpR; vkSj izekf.kdrk

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