Page 89 - DPOL102_INDIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM_HINDI

Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk

uksV lqj{kk] fLFkjrk vkSj lqj{kk osQ fy, bu O;oLFkkvksa dks vko';d djkj fn;k x;k gSA mu osQ }kjk budks mfpr
Bgjk;k x;k gSA
lafoèkku osQ bl Hkkx osQ leFkZdksaa osQ }kjk vèkhu fuEufyf[kr roZQ fn, x, gSaµ

1- ,sfrgkfld vko';drk (Historical Necessity)% Hkkjr osQ bfrgkl ls irk yxrk gS fd ,d detksj
osQUnzh; lÙkk lnSo vfLFkjrk vkSj fo[kaMu dk dkj.k curh jgh FkhA jk"Vªh; ladV ij vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr;ksa esa
jk"Vª dh fLFkjrk vkSj lqj{kk osQ fy, ladVdky O;oLFkkvksa dk lafoèkku esa 'kkfey fd;k tkuk ,d ,sfrgkfld
vko';drk gSA ladVdky osQ nkSjku 'kfDr;ksaaaa osQ ,d gkFk esa osQfUnzr fd, tkus dks ns'k dh ,drk vkSj v[k.Mrk
osQ vkèkkj ij ij[kuk vko';d gSA bu O;oLFkkvksa osQ ckjs eas Jh oh-,u- 'kqDyk dk lq>ko Bhd gS] ¶bu
O;oLFkkvksa dk vè;;u Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ lanHkZ esa djuk pkfg,A tc dHkh Hkh osQUnzh; 'kfDr detksj gqbZ Fkh
rks Hkkjr dks cqjs fnu ns[kus iM+s FksA¸
2- O;fDrxr vfèkdkjksa dh rqyuk esa jk"Vªh; lqj{kk vfèkd egÙoiw.kZ (National Security is more

important than Individual Rights)% fdlh Hkh ns'k osQ jk"Vªh; fgr loksZPp gksrs gSa vkSj budh j{kk osQ
fy, O;fDr osQ vfèkdkjksa vkSj Lora=krkvksa ij izfrcaèk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA jk"Vªh; ladV osQ nkSjku ,sls izfrcaèk
lcls vfèkd egÙoiw.kZ gks tkrss gSaA la?kokn cuke ,dkRedokn dk eqík Hkh ns'k dh ,drk vkSj v[k.Mrk osQ
vkxs egÙoiw.kZ ugha jgrkA la?kokn ;k ,dkRedrk ns'k dh ,drk vkSj v[k.Mrk osQ i'pkr~ dh ckrsa gSaA ¶;fn
Hkkjr gh ugha jgsxk rks thfor dkSu jgsxk vkSj ;fn Hkkjr thfor gS rks ejsxk dkSu\¸ D;ksafd ckgjh vkSj vkarfjd
[krjksa ls ns'k dh j{kk dk izkjafHkd mÙkjnkf;Ro osQUnz dk gSA blfy, ladVdky fLFkfr ls fuiVus osQ fy, bldks
fo'ks"k 'kfDr;k¡ nsuk iw.kZ :i ls mfpr gSA tSlk fd MkW- vEcsMdj us dgk Fkk fd ¶;g osQoy osQUnz gh gS tks
lk>s mís'; ij leqfpr :i esa ns'k osQ vke fgrksa osQ fy, dk;Z dj ldrk gSA ladVdky esa osQUnz dks vfèkd
'kfDr;k¡ nsus dk vkSfpR; bl roZQ esa Nqik gqvk gSA¸

3- rkuk'kkgh dh LFkkiuk dh cgqr de lEHkkouk,¡ (Little Chance for Authoritarianism)% lafo/ku
osQ vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh ,d O;fDr ladVdkyhu O;oLFkkvksa dk iz;ksx ugha dj ldrkA ;s 'kfDr;k¡ jk"Vªifr dks nh
xb± gSa] ftudk iz;ksx og osQoy eaf=keaMy osQ ijke'kZ ls gh dj ldrk gS tks fd yksdrkaf=kd <ax ls LFkkfir
mÙkjnk;h laLFkk gksrh gSA blosQ vfrfjDr ladVdkyhu fLFkfr laln dh LohÑfr ls gh ykxw jg ldrh gSA ;g
O;oLFkk jk"Vªifr ;k eaf=keaMy dks rkuk'kkg cuus ls jksdrh gSA

D;k vki tkurs gSa blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd 1975 esa izèkkuea=kh Jherh bfUnjk xkaèkh dh ljdkj osQ }kjk vuqPNsn
352 dk nq#i;ksx fd;k x;k Fkk ijUrq budh mldks cgqr cM+h dher pqdkuh iM+h Fkh vkSj ekpZ]
1977 esa pqukoksa esa lÙkk mlls tkrh jgh FkhA

41ok¡ la'kksèku ,sDV ikl gksus ls vuqPNsn 352 vkSj 356 osQ xyr iz;ksx osQ voljksa dks vkSj de fd;k x;k
gS rFkk ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa osQ LFkxu vkSj ladVdky osQ 'kklu dks yack [khapus ls lEcfUèkr 'kfDr;ksa osQ iz;ksx
osQ ?ksjs dks lhfer fd;k x;k gSA
4- mi;qDr lqj{kk mik; (Adequate Safeguards)% jk"Vªifr dks ladVdkyhu 'kfDr;k¡ lkSairs le;
vuqPNsn 352] 356 vkSj 360 osQ xyr iz;ksx dks jksdus osQ fy, lafoèkku esa vusdksa mik; ntZ fd, x, gSaµ
(a) jk"Vªifr eaf=keaMy dk ijke'kZ ekuus osQ fy, ikcan gksrk gSA

(b) eaf=keaMy viuh lHkh fu.kZ;] =kqfV;ksa vkSj vkns'kksa osQ fy, vafre :i esa yksxksa vkSj izR;{k :i esa laln
osQ le{k mÙkjnk;h gksrk gSA

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