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Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh0) )) )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
BØN c c c c cØoN ftbhnw ekb/i^ t?bibh B/ bkrfoe ;/tk ft~u (nkJhH J/H n?;H) Gosh ehs/ rJ/ :[teK d/ gohyD
oN ftbhnw ekb/i^
oN ftbhnw ekb/i^
oN ftbhnw ekb/i^
oN ftbhnw ekb/i^
bJh 1800 JhH ft~u ebe~sk ft~u cØoN ftbhnw ekb/i dh ;EkgBk ehsh.
BØN; Gkos ft~u nzro/ih ;~sk dh Po/Pmsk ;Ekfgs eoD ns/ |qK;h;hnK d/ vo Bz{ ysw eoD
d/ T[d/P Bkb t?bibh B/ ;jkfJe ;zXh gqDkbh Bz{ gqu~fbs ehsk.
Gkos ft~u fpqfNP gqG{;~sk bkov j/;fNzrI d/ ;w/A ;Ekfgs jØJh.
fJ; ekb dhnK jØo gqw[y xNBktK j/m fbyhnK jB^^ ^^ ^
nKrb^B/gkb :[~X (1814^16) JhH^
nKrb^B/gkb :[~X (1814^16) JhH^ fJ; :[ZX dh ;wkgsh 1816 JhH dh ;zxØbh dh ;zXh Bkb jØJh.
nKrb^B/gkb :[~X (1814^16) JhH^
nKrb^B/gkb :[~X (1814^16) JhH^
nKrb^B/gkb :[~X (1814^16) JhH^
fJ; ;zXh d/ nB[;ko rVtkb, e[wK:{, fPwbk, okDhy/s ns/ B?Bhskb nzro/iK d/ nfXekoK ft~u nk rJ/ ns/
rØofynK B/ ekmwzv{ ft~u fpqfNP o?Ihv?AN o~yDk ;theko eo fbnk.
fgzvkohnK dk dwB^
fgzvkohnK dk dwB^
fgzvkohnK dk dwB^
fgzvkohnK dk dwB^‘fgzvkoh’ wokmh GkPk dk Ppd j?. fJj b[N/fonK dk fJ~e db ;h fi; ft~u fjzd{
fgzvkohnK dk dwB^
ns/ w[;fbw dØt/A Pkfwb ;B.fJBK Bz{ wokfmnK dk ;woEB th gqkgs ;h. wokmk ;odko wbjko okU jbeo
Ø
B/ fJjBK Bz{ ;[Bjok Mzvk gqdkB ehsk ;h. w?bew B/ fJBK Ba{z “wokmk fPekohnK d/ Bkb fPekoh e[~sk” dk
BK fd~sk ;h.
fgzvkohnK d/ dwB bJh T[Zsoh ;?Bk dh ewkB j/;fNzrI B/ nkg bJh, idA fe d~yDh ;?Bk dh ewkB NkwI fj;bg
Ø
Ø
Bz{ fd~sh rJh. w?bew fj;bØg dk ;jkfJe ;h.fJ; ;w/A 4 fgzvkoh ;odko nfsnzs gqw[y ;B^ uhs{, tkf;b
Ø
w[jzwd, nwho yK ns/ eohw yK. uhs{ Bz{ n;horV d/ izrb ft~u uhs/ B/ yk fbnk.tkf;b w[jzwd B/ f;zXhnk
eb PoD bJh, fJ; Bz{ f;zXhnk B/ nzro/iK Bz{ ;Ag fd~sk.rkIhg[o dh i/b ft~u fJ; B/ nkswj~fsnk eo
Ø
Ω
bJh.eohw yK B/ w?bew d/ ;kjwD/ nksw ;wogD eo fd~sk. T[; Bz{ rØoyg[o ft~u r; dh ikrho gqdkB ehsh
Ω
rJh . nwho yK Bz{ Gosg[o ft~u NØAe dh ikrho fd~sh rJh.jho{ ns/ p{oB nkfd fgzvkoh B/sk th ysw eo
fd~s/ rJ/.1824 JhH s~e fgzvkohnK dk ;ckfJnk jØ frnk.
(3) wokmk ;zx dk nzs^
(3) wokmk ;zx dk nzs^
(3) wokmk ;zx dk nzs^
(3) wokmk ;zx dk nzs^
(3) wokmk ;zx dk nzs^ j/;fNzrI B/ wokfmnk Bz{ shi/ :[~X ft~u jok e/ wokmk ;zx Bz{ gzr{ eo fd~sk.
pkIhokU Bz{ r~dh sØA T[sko e/ 18 b~y o[gJ/ ;kbkBk g?APB d/ e/ ekBg[o d/ eØb ftm{o ft~u fpmk fd~sk
frnk.;skok dh r~dh fPtkih d/ tzPi gqskg f;zx Bz{ d/ fd~sh rJh.
bkov ftbhnw p?afNAe Gkos dk rtoBo iBob pDB sØA gfjbK 1803 JhH ft~u wdok; dk rtoBo fB:[es
ehsk frnk ;h. 1806 JhH ft~u T[;B/ ;?fBeK Ba{z w~E/ s/ iksh fuzB ns/ ezBk ft~u tkbhnK gkUD sØA wBk
eo fd~sk fi; Bkb t?bΩo ft~u gfjbk Xkofwe ftdoØj jØfJnk.p?AfNAe fJ~e e~No T[dkotkdh ;h. T[;dk ;wK
ftfGzB ;wkfie ;[XkoK d/ ekoD :kd ehsk iKdk j?.
;sh^gqEk dk nzs^
;sh^gqEk dk nzs^
;sh^gqEk dk nzs^
;sh^gqEk dk nzs^
;sh^gqEk dk nzs^ 1829 JhH d/ fB:w XVII d[nkok ;sh gqEk s/ gqshpzX brk fd~sk frnk. P[o{ ft~u
fJj ekBz{B pzrkb gq?Ihv?A;h ft~u bkr{ ehsk frnk, gqzs{ 1803 Jh ft~u fJ; Bz{ pzpJh ns/ wdok; ns/ pzpJh
gq?Ihv?A;hnK ft~u th bkr{ ehsk frnk.
mrh^gqEk dk nzs^
mrh^gqEk dk nzs^ p?AfNAe B/ mrh gqEk dh ;wkgsh bJh eoBb ;bhwB dh fB:[esh ehsh. 1803 JhH
mrh^gqEk dk nzs^
mrh^gqEk dk nzs^
mrh^gqEk dk nzs^
se mrh^gqEk dk nzs jØ frnk.
;oekoh ;/tktK ft~u G/dGkt dk nzs^ 1833 JhH d/ ukoNo n?eN dh Xkok 87 d/ d[nkok :Ørsk Bz{ jh
;oekoh ;/tktK ft~u G/dGkt dk nzs^
;oekoh ;/tktK ft~u G/dGkt dk nzs^
;oekoh ;/tktK ft~u G/dGkt dk nzs^
;oekoh ;/tktK ft~u G/dGkt dk nzs^
;/tk dk nkXko wzfBnk frnk. fJj wzB fbnk frnk fe fe;/ th Gkosh Bkrfoe B{z T[;d/ Xow, iBw ;EkB,
iksh iK ozr d/ nkXko s/ fe;/ th gd sØA tzfus BjhA o~fynk ikt/rk.
nzro/ih Bz{ f;~fynk dk wkfXnw pDkUDk^
nzro/ih Bz{ f;~fynk dk wkfXnw pDkUDk^ 7 wkou, 1835 JhH d/ fJ~e gq;skt d[nkok nzro/ih Bz{
nzro/ih Bz{ f;~fynk dk wkfXnw pDkUDk^
nzro/ih Bz{ f;~fynk dk wkfXnw pDkUDk^
nzro/ih Bz{ f;~fynk dk wkfXnw pDkUDk^
Gkos ft~u T[~u f;~fynk dk wkfXnw wzB fbnk frnk.
ebe~sk w?vheb ekb/i^ 1835 JhH ft~u p?AfNAe B/ ebe~sk w?vheb ekb/I dh BhAj o~yh.
ebe~sk w?vheb ekb/i^
ebe~sk w?vheb ekb/i^
ebe~sk w?vheb ekb/i^
ebe~sk w?vheb ekb/i^
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