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Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh0) )) )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
BØN • nKrb^wokmk :[~X d/ gfjb/ dΩo d/ ekoD wokfmnK d/ nkg;h MrV/ ns/ nzro/iK dhnK fJ~SktK
;B.fit/A ebkJht B/ d[joh gqDkbh pzrkb, fpjko ns/ T[Vh;k ft~u ;Ekfgs ehsh ;h, U;/ soK dh
d[joh gqDkbh pzpJh ezgBh wjkokPNo ft~u th ;Ekfgs eoBk ukj[zdh ;h.
• fJ; ;zxoP dk d{ik dØo |qK;h;h vo Bk+ ;zpzfXs ;h. t?bibh, iØ ;kwokitkdh ;h, 1798 ft~u Gkos
nkfJnk.T[;B/ fJj wfj;{; ehsk fe |qK;h;h vo dk sA puD dk e/tb fJ~e sohek j? fe ;ko/ Gkos oki
Ø
ezgBh s/ jh fBoGo jD dh ;fEsh ft~u gj[zu ikD.T[;B/ ;jkfJe ;zXh dh gqDkbh dk ftek; ehsk.
Ø
• fJ; :[~X dk shik ns/ nkyoh uoD j/;fNzrI d/ nkUD Bk+ P[o{ jfJnk.T[;B/ f|o nkeowe dk o{g
Ø
ngDkfJnk ns/ Gkos ft~u Nzro/iK dh ;ot^Po/Pmsk pDkUD dh efPP ehsh.1805 sA pknd d/ iØ
Ø
Ø
PKsh d/ ;kb wokfmnK Bz{ fwb/ ;B, UjBK dk T[g:r UjBK B/ nkgD/ nkg Bzz{ ;[fdqV pdkUD bJh Bk eo
Ø
e/ nkg;h eb/P ft~u y fd~s/.j/;fNzrI d/ fgzvkfonK d/ fto[~X nfGnkB Bk+ wokfmnK d/ gqG[st Bz{
Ø
u[Bsh fwbh fJ; bJh dØt/A db :[~X ft~u fyAu rJ/.
Ω
1H8 Ppde
1H8 Ppde
1H8 PpdeP
1H8 PpdeP P
1H8 PpdeØP P (Keywords)
• gdksh L g?db ubD tkbh ;?Bk.
• uE L fJ~e gqeko dk t;{fbnk ikD tkbk eo.
Ω
• nkeqKsk L jwbktoh, nPKsh c?bkUD tkbk.
1H9 nfGnk; gqPB
1H9 nfGnk; gqPB
1H9 nfGnk; gqPB
1H9 nfGnk; gqPB (Review Questions)
1H9 nfGnk; gqPB
• Gkos ft~u fpqfNP ft;sko dk toDB eod/ jJ/ eoBkNe :[~X dh ;whfynk eo.
Ø
Ø
• pzrkb ft~u nzro/ih Pesh d/ T[seoP s/ gqekP gkU.
• gbk;h d/ :[~X dk toDB eo.
Ø
• ebkJht d/ d[jo/ Pk;B sØA s[;hA eh ;wMd/ jØ< toDB eoØ.
• fpqfNP ft;sko dk w?;{o B/ fe; soK gqshoØX ehsk< nKrb^w?;{o :[~X dk toDB eod/ jØJ/ ;wMkU.
• nKrb^wokmk :[~XK dh ftt/uBk eoØ .
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD (Answers: Self Assessment)
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
1 1 1 1 1. (1) (e) (2) (r) (3) (y) (4) (r) (5) (r)
2. (1) |qK;h;h (2) 1716 (3) fvzvhr[b (4) fBikw Bz{ gqd/P
(5) wzrbΩo dh ;zXh
1H10 ;zdoG g[;seK
1H10 ;zdoG g[;seK
1H10 ;zdoG g[;seK
1H10 ;zdoG g[;seK
1H10 ;zdoG g[;seK (Further Readings)
p[e; 1H ;[szsosk ;zrqkw, ftfgB uzdo, fjzdh wkfXnw ekoits, fBd/Pkfbnk fd~bh ftPtftfdnkbk
2H nkX[fBe Gkos, n?;H e/H gKv/, gq:kr nekdwh fJbkjkpkd
3H ;[szsosk dk fJfsjk;, phH n?bH r'to ns/ :Pgkb, n?; uzd n?Av ezgBh fbH, okwBro fd~bh
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