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fJekJh^5L ftbhnw p?AfNAe d/ ;[Xko
fJekJh^5L ftbhnw p?AfNAe d/ ;[Xko
fJekJh^5L ftbhnw p?AfNAe d/ ;[Xko
fJekJh^5L ftbhnw p?AfNAe d/ ;[Xko
fJekJh^5L ftbhnw p?AfNAe d/ ;[Xko
ft~sh ;[XkoL powk :[~X B/ ezgBh dk \ikBk ykbh eo fd~sk ;h. 1828 ft~u you nkwdBh sØA fInkdk
ft~sh ;[XkoL BØN
ft~sh ;[XkoL
ft~sh ;[XkoL
ft~sh ;[XkoL
;h.w?Nekc d/ nB[;ko PKsh ekb ft~u i ;oeko fJ; soK eodh j? T[;Bz{ ;Ik fwbDh ukjhdh j?.rqfj ;oeko
Ø
B/ p?AfNAe Bz{ Pksh ns/ ;kotifBe you/ ft~u fwst::h d/ nkd/P fd~s/.
p?AfNAe B/ dØ ;fwshnK fB:[es ehshnK, fJ~e ;?fBe, d{ih n;?fBe skfe T[j pus d/ ;[MkU d/D. eØoN
Uc vkfJo?eNoI dh ftP/P nkfrnk Bkb T[;B/ ;?fBe G~sk x~N eo fd~sk. j[D sA ebe~s/ d/ 400 whb d/
Ø
x/o/ ft~u fB:[es jØD s/ G~sk n~Xk eo fd~sk frnk.fJ; Bkb 1,20,000 gAv ;kbkBk dh pus jØJh.fJ;/
Ω
soK n;?fBe G~s/ th x~N eo fd~s/ rJ/.
pzrkb ft~u G{wh eo ;zrqjD bJh gqGktPkbh :sB ehs/ rJ/.g~Swso gqKs (nkX[fBe T[Zso gqd/P) ft~~u
Ø
okpoN wofNzI dh d/yo/y ft~u ehsh rJh G{wh dh ftt;Ek sA nfXe eo T[gbGd jD b~rk.fJ;/ soK wb~ek
Ø
Ø
ibvwo{ T[gfBt/P dk youk th x~N ehsk frnk.T[;B/ :Ek;zGt GkoshnK Bz{ uzrk t/sB gkD tk+/ nzro/iK d/
pdb/ fB:[es eo e/ th you Bz{ x~N ehsk.
nchw d/ tgko Bz{ fB:fws ns/ nB[g~sfos eoe/ e/tb pzpJh pzdorkj sØA jh fBo:ks eoD dh nkfrnk
fd~sh rJh fi; Bkb ezgBh Bz{ fBo:ks eo dk Gkr th fwbD b~rk.
fJBK pus :ØiBktK d/ cb;o{g ezgBh dk 1 eoØV ;kbkBk dk xkNk, 2 eoØV ;kbkBk bkG ft~u pdb
frnk.T[;B/ bØj/ ns/ eØfJb/ d/ T[sgkdB Bz{, ukj ns/ eØch d/ prhfunK ns/ BfjoK dhnK gfo:ØiBktK Bz{
th gqs;kjB fd~sk.
Ø
fBnkfJe ;[XkoL
fBnkfJe ;[XkoL
fBnkfJe ;[XkoL
fBnkfJe ;[XkoL
fBnkfJe ;[XkoL ekoBtkfb; d[nkok fBofws gqKsh, nghbh ns/ ;ofeN fBnknkb:K dk ezw tX ikD
eo e/ pkeh pj[s ezw fJ~emk j frnk ;h. fJ~E/ ekoiftXh mhe Bk jØD d/ ekoD fBnkn ft~u nkw sΩo
Ø
s/ ftbzp jØ iKdk ;h. p?AfNAe B/ fJj fBnknkb: pzd eo fd~s/. ns/ fJBK dk ezw dzvBk:eK ns/ ebeNoK
Bz{ d/ fd~sk iØ fe oki;t ns/ GqwDekoh nk:[esK md/ nXhB j[zd/ ;B.fd~bh ns/ nkX[fBe T[Zso gqd/P d/
bJh n~br ;do dhtkBh ns/ ;do fBikws ndkbs fJbkjkpkd ft~u ;Ekfgs eo fd~sh rJh. j[D fJEØA
d/ fBtk;hnK Bz{ nghb bJh ebe~s/ BjhA ikDk g?Adk ;h.
fJ; ;w/A s~e fBnkn:kb:K dh GkPk |ko;h ;h gqzs{ j[D fJ~E/ ;EkfBe GkPktK |ko;h d/ ftebg d/ o{g ft~u
tosD dh fJIkIs d/ fd~sh rJh ns/ T[Zu/ fBnkn:kb:K ft~u nzro/ih dk gq:Ør ehsk ikD b~rk. :Ørsk
gqkgs GkoshnK Bz{ w[zf;| fB:[es ehsk frnk ns/ fJj be ;do nwhB gd s~e gj[zu ;ed/ ;B.
Ø
;t^w[~bKeD (Self-Assessment)
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
ykbh ;EkB Go
ykbh ;EkB GoØ (Fill in the Blanks)
ykbh ;EkB Go
ykbh ;EkB Go
ykbh ;EkB Go
(e) ;sh gqEk ns/ fPP{ tX fijhnK ;wkfie e[ohshnK Bz{ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH B/ ysw ehsk.
(y) fd;zpo 1829 d/ HHHHHHHHHHHHH d[nkok ftXtktK Bz{ ibkDk nt?X xfPs eo fd~sk frnk.
Ø
(r) PkfJd mrK d/ gq: r ft~u nkUD tk+k fInkdk T[fus Ppd HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ;h.
(x) mrK d/ fto[~X ekotkJh eoD bJh HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Bz{ fB:[es ehsk frnk.
(v) ;oekoh ;/tktK ft~u G/dGkt Bz{ 1833 d/ ukoNo n?eN dh Xkok HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Bk+ ysw ehsk
frnk.
2 ;ko nzP
5 5 5 5 5.2 ;ko nzP (Summary)
2 ;ko nzP
2 ;ko nzP
2 ;ko nzP
J okik okw wØjB fij/ gqp[~X Gkosh ;[XkoeK B/ ftbhnw p?AfNAe Bz{ fJ; ohsh Bz{ nt?X xØfPs eod
dh gq/oDk fd~sh.
J fd;zpo 1829 d/ fB:w 17 d[nkok ftXtktK Bz{ ibkDk nt?X xØfPs eo fd~sk frnk.gq/oDk d/Dtkb/
bØe wkBt^j~fsnk d/ ngokXh wzB/ ikDr/.P[o{ ft~u fJj ekB{zB e/tB pzrkb gq/Ihv?A;h ft~u jh bkr{
ehsk frnk ns/ 1830 ft~u fJj fB:w pzpJh ns/ wdok; gq/Ihv?A;h ft~u th bkr{ eo fd~sk
frnk.
61
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