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Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh0) )) )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
BØN J mr Ppd dk gq:Ør n~I T[jBK ftneshnK bJh ehsk iKdk j? iØ XØy/ Bkb o[gJ/ yØj b?Ad/ jB go
T[; ;w/A ft~u mr, vke{nK ns/ j~fsnfonK dk fJ~e ;w{j ;h iØ fBodØP ns/ nofyns ftneshnK Bz{
b[~N e/ fBotkj eod/ ;B. PkfJd UjBK bJh fInkdk T[fusro Ppd ‘cK;hro’ ;h.
J mrK d/ dbK dh frDsh eJh tko 400 s~e gj[zu iKdh ;h ns/ jfsnko/ fJ~e fJ~e doiB ftneshnK dh
fJ~e jh ;w/A j~fsnk eo fdzd/ ;h.;sh d/ gqPB s/ sK e[M wsG/d ;h gqzs{ mrh d/ wkwb/ ft~u ;koh iBsk B/
;oeko Bz{ ;woEB fd~sk. eoBb ;bhwb Bz{ mrK d/ fto[~X ekotkJh eoD bJh fB:[es ehsk frnk.
Ø
J ;oekoh ;/tktK ft~u bkov ekoBtkfb; d/ ;w/A sA ubh nk ojh G/dGkt dh Bhsh Bz{ fJ;B/ ysw eo
fd~sk.1833 d/ ukoNo n?eN dh Xkok 87 d/ nB[;ko :rsk jh ;/tk dk nkXko ;theko ehsh rJh ns/
Ø
ezgBh d/ nXhb fe;/ th Gkosh Bkrfoe Bz{ “T[;d/ Xow, iBw;EkB, iksh iK ozr@ d/ nkXko s/ fe;/ gd
sA tzfus BjhA o~fynk ik ;e/rk.
Ø
J T[;dk soe fJj ;h fe Gkosh GkPktK ft~u Bk sK eJh ;kfjfse s~s j? ns/ Bk jh ftfrnkfBe ikDekoh
Ø
j?.fJ~e uzr/ g~Swh g[;sekb/ dh nbwkoh Gkos ns/ nop d/ ;ko/ ;kfjs d/ pokpo j?.
5H3 PpdeØP P (Keywords)
5H3 PpdeP P
5H3 PpdeP
5H3 Ppde
5H3 Ppde
J fwst::sk L x~N you eoBk
J ;sh L fJ~e “gft~so ns/ ;ufo~so Bkoh@
5H4 nfGnk; gqPB (Review Questions)
5H4 nfGnk; gqPB
5H4 nfGnk; gqPB
5H4 nfGnk; gqPB
5H4 nfGnk; gqPB
1. ftbhnw p?AfNAe d/ ft~sh ;[XkoK dh ftt/uBk eoØ.
2. ftbhnw p?AfNAe d/ fBnkfJe ;[XkoK dh ftt/uBk eo.
Ø
3. ftbhnw p?AfNAe d/ gqPk;fBe ns/ P?efPe ;[XkoK dh ftnkfynk eo.
Ø
T[ZsoL ;t^w[~bKeD (Answers: Self Assessment)
T[ZsoL ;t^w[~bKeD
T[ZsoL ;t^w[~bKeD
T[ZsoL ;t^w[~bKeD
T[ZsoL ;t^w[~bKeD
(1) ftbhnw p?AfNAe (2) fB:w 17 (3) cK;hro (4) eoBb ;bhw?B
(5) 87
5H5 ;zdoG g[;seK (Further Readings)
5H5 ;zdoG g[;seK
5H5 ;zdoG g[;seK
5H5 ;zdoG g[;seK
5H5 ;zdoG g[;seK
p[e; 1H ;[szsosk ;zrqkw, ftfgB uzdo, fjzdh wkfXnw ekoits, fBd/Pkfbnk fd~bh ftPtftfdnkbk
2H nkX[fBe Gkos, n?;H e/H gKv/, gq:kr nekdwh fJbkjkpkd
3H ;[szsosk dk fJfsjk;, phH n?bH r'to ns/ :Pgkb, n?; uzd n?Av ezgBh fbH, okwBro fd~bh
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