Page 90 - DHIS204_DHIS205_INDIAN_FREEDOM_STRUGGLE_PUNJABI

Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh0) )) )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
BØN 1858 dh x'PDk ft~u fJj ftPtk; fdbkfJnk frnk ;h fe “;kvh gqik fe;/ th iks iK Xow dh feUA Bk
j't/, ;[szso o{g ft~u ns/ fpBK G/dGkt d/ UjBK ezwK bJh fiBK bJh Uj nkgDh ft~fdnk, :'rsk ns/
JhwkBdkoh Bkb eoD d/ :'r j't/, ;kvh ;/tk ns/ gdK s/ fB:[es ehsh ikt/rh.@ fJ; gqfs~frnk Bz{ g{oD
eoD bJh 1861 ft~u Gkosh iBgd ;/tk nfXfB:w (Indian Civil Service Act) pDkfJnk frnk fi;d/
nB[;ko jo ;kb bzdB ft~u fJ~e gqsh:'rsk gqhfynk j'fJnk eo/rh skfe ;zPokfts iBgd ;/tk (Covenanted
Civil Service) ft~u Gosh ehsh ik ;e/.d[oGkr Bkb I' ft;fsqs fB:w fJ; gqhfynk bJh pDkJ/ rJ/ UjBK
Bkb fJj e/tb nzro/iK dh gfoo~fyns pDh j?.
fJ; ftdo'j bJh w[~y o{g Bkb Gkosh ;/Bk jh T[ZsodkJh ;h.fJ;dk g{oh soK g[BormB ehsk frnk ns/
fJ;dk rmB “ftGkiB ns/ gqshs'bD (division and counterpoise)@ dh Bhsh s/ ehsk frnk.1861
dh “;?Bk ;zfwPoD :'iBk (Army amalgamation Scheme)@ d/ nB[;ko ezgBh dh :{ogh ;?Bk ;oeko
Bz{ j;sKsfos eo fd~sh rJh. :{ogh ;?fBeK Bz{ ;w/A ;w/A s/ fJzrb?Av G/i e/ UjBk dk BthAeoD
(renovation) ehsk iKdk ;h. :{ogh ;?fBeK dh 1857 s'A gfjbK dh ;zfynk i' gfjbK 2,38, 000 ;h, j[D
1,40,000 fBPfus eo fd~sh rJh ns/ fJ~e ;kXkoD ;{so (formula) fJj pD frnk fe pzrkb gq?Ihv?A;h
ft~u :{ogh ns/ Gkosh ;?fBeK dk nB[gks 1L2 j'Dk ukjhdk j? ns/ wdok; ns/ pzpJh gq?Ihv?A;hnK ft~u 1L3
dk . fJ; s'A fJbktk Gkosh ;?fBeK s'A gqshs'bD (counterpoise) ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?.fJ; GktBk dk
;?Bk d/ g[BormB d/ bJh gzikp ;fwsh dh fog'oN ft~u fJBK PpdK ft~u toDB ehsk frnk j?,@ftfPPNsk
(distinction) i' fJ~e pj[s w{btkB t;s{ j? ns/ i' j[D s~e fJ; soK ubdh ojh j? fe d/P d/ w[;bwkBK
Bz{ d{i/ d/P d/ w[;bwkBK s'A G?Ghs ns/ fxqDk eokUAdh j?^ Bz{ pDkJ/ o~yD bJh Gft~y ft~u ;?fBe fBek;
(corps) gqKsh j'Dk ukjhdk j? ns/ UjBK y/soK ft~u, fi~E/ w[ekpbk ftP/P o{g ft~u j?, T[; Bz{ G[r'fbe ;hwk
s~e ;hfws o~yDk ukjhdk j?.@ ;?Bk ns/ s'gykB/ ft~u T[~u/ gd e/tb :{ogh b'eK bJh jh o~y/ rJ/. 1857
d/ ftdo'j s'A pknd 50 ;kbK ft~u fJ~e th Gkosh “oki nk:[es (Viceroy's Commission) “d/ Gkosh
gdkfXekohnK s'A nfXe T[~sw wzB/ iKd/ oj/.
fJ; s~E Bz{ fInkdk s'A fInkdk o{g ft~u nB[Gt ehsk frnk fe fJ; ftdo'j dk fJ~e w{bG{s ekoD, Pkf;sK ns/
Pk;eK d/ ft~u ;zgoe dk Bk j'Dk ;h.;o pkoNb cq/no (Sir Bartle Frere) B/ nkgDh 1860 dh gqf;~X fN~gDh
ft~u ftXkB gfoPdK ft~u “;EkfBe s~sK (native elements)@ Bz{ Pkfwb eoD dh fpBsh ehsh ;h. nfijk
ftPtk; ehsk frnk fe GkoshnK Bz{ ftXkB ezwK ft~u ;fjekoh pDkUD Bkb Pk;e GkoshnK dhnK GktBktK Bkb
gfofus j' ;eDr/ ns/ tfjw d{o eoD d/ nt;o fwb ;eDr/.fJ;/ fdPk ft~u fJ~e S'Nh fijh e'fPP Gkosh
gfoPd nfXfB:w (Indian Council Act) d[nkok ehsh rJh.
PkfJd fJ; ftdo'j d/ GktBkswe gqGkt ;G s'A d[oGkrg{oD ;B. iksh eN[sk fJ; ;zxoP dh ;G
s'A d[PNsw foeE (legacy) ;h. gzu B/ nkgD/ ftnzr fu~soK ft~u Gkoshnk Bz{ T[gwkBt iht (sub-
human creature) i' n~Xk r[fo~bk ns/ n~Xk fBro' ;h, d/ o{g ft~u gqdofPs ehsk i' e/tb tfoPm
Pesh d[nkok jh fB:zsfos ehsk ik ;edk ;h.Gkos ft~u ;kwokitkd d/ J/izNK B/ ;ko/ Gkosh b'eK
Bz{ nftPtk;:'r mfjok fd~sk ns/ UjBk Bz{ ngwkB, fso;eko ns/ fBzdk fttjko dk Gkrh pDBk
fgnk. itkjo bkb Bfjo{ d/ PpdK ft~u,@;kwokitkd ns/ fJ~e iksh dk d{ih iksh s/ nfXeko p[ok
sK j? jh ns/ ikshtkd j'o th p[ok j?. gqzs{ ;kwokitkd ns/ ikshtkd d't/A fwbe/ e/tb vo (horror)
t~b tXd/ jB ns/ Uj fJjBK ;G b'eK Bz{ i' fJ; Bkb ;zpzfXs jB, gsB t~b b? iKd/ jB.@ Gkos
ft~u nzro/iK B/ fJ~e ‘;tkwh iksh* (master race) dh gozzgok pDk fd~sh.fJj BthB ;kwokitkd dk
wsbp ‘r'o/ dk p'M* (White man's burden) d/ doPB ns/ nzro/iK dh Gkos Bz{ ;~fGn pDkUD dh
G{fwek d[nkok f;~X ehsk frnk.d't/A ikshnK ft~u ykJh u"Vh j[zdh ubh rJh ns/ fJj ed/ ed/
okiBhfse fttkdK, gqdoPBK ns/ fjz;k d/ ezwK ft~u gfotofss j' iKdh ;h.
1857 d/ ftdo'j B/ fJ~e :[r dk nzs eo fd~sk ns/ fJ~e BthB :[r d/ phi p'J/.gqkd/fPe ft;sko dh EK s/ nkofEe
P'PD dk :[r nkozG j;fJnk.nzro/ih ;kwoki d/ bJh ;kwzstkdh :[r dk vo ;dk bJh ysw j' frnk ns/ nzro/ih
;kwoki d/ bJh BthA u[B"sh T[; gqrshPhb Gkos s'A jh nkJh i' 19thA Pskpdh d/ T[dkotkdh nzro/iK ns/ ikB ;N{noN
fw~b (John Stuart Mill) d/ doPB s/ gf+nk ;h.

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