Page 92 - DHIS204_DHIS205_INDIAN_FREEDOM_STRUGGLE_PUNJABI

Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh0) )) )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
BØN J uoph tkb/ ekos{; ns/ ;?fBeK dk ftdo'j sK e/tb fJ~e fuzrkoh ;h fi;B/ UjBK ;ko/ ft;c'Ne gdkoEK
Bz{ i' okiBhfse, ;wkfie, Xkofwe ns/ nkofEe ekoDK s'A fJ~em/ j'J/ ;B, n~r brk fd~sh ns/ Uj
dktkBb o{g XkoD eo frnk.
J vbj"ih dh ftb: Bhsh B/ ;ko/ okfinK Bz{ ftnke[b eo fd~sk. fjzd{ okfinK s'A d~se g[~so b?D dk
nfXeko y'j fbnk frnk.T[ZsokfXeko dk nfXeko “UjBK Bz{ BjhA fojk fijBK dhnK XwDhnK ft~u
tzP d/ gqtose dk y{B BjhA tfj fojk j[zdk.”

J gzikp, ghr{ ns/ f;~few fi~s dk nfXeko d[nkok ftb: eo bJ/ rJ/. ;skok, i?sg[o, ;zGbg[o,
pxkN, T[d?g[o, MK;h ns/ Bkrg[o ftngrs d/ f;XKs d[nkok ftb: eo bJ/ rJ/ ;B.ntX Bz{ Pkf;sK
d/ fjs ft~u ftb: eo fbnk frnk. szi"o ns/ eoBkNe d/ BtkpK dhnK okieh T[gkXhnK ysw eo
fd~shnK rJhnK.
J ;XkoD ftPtk; ;h fe fJj ftb: “ftngrs d/ f;XKs d/ ekoD BjhA pbfe ;koh “B?fsesktK d/
ftngrs” j'D d/ ekoD j'fJnk j?.fJBK fonk;sK d/ vo fBokXko BjhA ;B, fpqfNP ;kwoki d/ fJ~e
fBowksk ;o ukob; B/fgno d/ g~so fttjko s'A ;gPN j?.T[;B/ fbfynk ;h, “i/eo w?A 12 ;kb bJh
Gkos dk ;wokN j[zdk HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH sK e'Jh Gkosh okik pfunk Bk ofjzdkHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHfBIkw dk
BK th ;[DkJh Bk fdzdkHHHHHH B/gkb ;kvk j[zdkHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH.@
J 1856 ft~u ceho{dhB dh w"s s'A pknd bkov e?fBzr B/ x'PDk ehsh fe ceho{dhB d[nkok fsbKibh fd~s/
j'J/ wkwfbnk s'A fJbktk Bt/A T[~sokfXekoh PfjIkd/ Bz{ okieh: T[gkXhnK ns/ w[rb wfjb d't/A jh S~v
d/D/ j'Dr/.fJ; x'PDk Bkb w[;bwkb pj[s fuzfss j' rJ/.

J fJj th soe g/P ehsk frnk j? fe fJ~e j'o okiBhfse ekoD Gkos ft~u fpqfNP Pk;B dk ;o{g
“nB[g;fEs gqG{;~sk@ (absentee sovereigntyship) d/ o{g ft~u ;h ns/ nzro/ik d/ fto'X bJh fJ;
dk Gkosh wB T[~s/ pj[s gqGkt fgnk.

J ;?Bk ft~u T[Zu/ s'A T[Zuk gd i' fe;/ Gkosh Bz{ fwb ;edk ;h Uj ;{p/dko dk ;h fi; ft~u 60 iK 70
o[gJ/ wkf;e t/sB fwbdk ;h ns/ n;?fBe gqPk;B ft~u ;do nwhB dk gd ;h fi;dk t/sB e/tb 500
o[gJ/ wkf;e ;h.gd ftq~Xh d/ nt;o pj[s x~N ;B. GkoshnK dh fJj XkoDk pD rJh fe nzzro/I
UjBK Bz{ “b~eVjko/ iK ejko@ (hewers of wood and drawers of water) pDkUDk ukj[zd/ jB.

J Jh;N fJzvhnk ezgBh dh gqPk;fBe ekoi gqDkbh “n:'r ns/ ngfonkgs” (inefficient and insufficient)
;h. G{wh eo ftt;Ek sK pj[s jh nfgq: ;h. Bt/A gqkgs fifbnK ft~u fe;kB brGr ;dk ftdo'j eod/
ofjzd/ ;B ns/ G[wh eo fJ~emk eoD bJh ;?Bk G/iDh g/Adh ;h.T[dkjoD bJh gkDhgs d/ fIb/ ft~u g[fb;
ezw d/ bJh sK e/tb 22 x[V;tko ;B gqzs{ G{wh eo fJ~emk eoD bJh 136 ftnesh ezw eod/ ;B.
J pzpJh d/ gqf;~X fJBkw efwPB B/ 20,000 ikrhoK Ips eo bJhnK.fJ; soK pj[s ;ko/ G{whgsh
rohp j' rJ/.d{i/ gk;/ fe;kBK Bz{ th e'Jh ftP/P bkG BjhA gj[zfunk feUAfe Uj b'e fco th pj[s ;ko/
eoK d/ Bhu/ dp/ oj/.

J nzro/iK dhnk nkofEe BhshnK th Gkosh tgko d/ fto[~X ;B.Jh;N fJZvhnk ezgBh d/ okiBhfse
Pesh d/ gq:'r Bkb Gkosh j;sfPbg ns/ tgko dk ;otBkP j' frnk ns/ fJ; Bz{ e/tb nzro/ih P'PD
gqDkbh d/ gfofPPN d/ o{g ft~u jh ihfts ofjD fd~sk frnk.

J ;ohfoe ns/ okiBhfse nfBnK ;fjD eoBk eJh tko ;zGt j' ;edk ;h gqzs{ Xkofewe T[sghVB
;fjDk pj[s w[Pfeb ;h. nzro/iK dk fJ~e T[d/P GkoshnK Bz{ Jh;kJh pDkUDk th ;h.fJj ezgBh d/
nfXneP w?ArbI (Mangles) d/ jkT{; Uc ekwBI ft~u fd~s/ rJ/ fJ~e GkPD s'A ;gPN j[zdk j?. T[;B/
fejk ;h fe,@ d?t:'r Bkb Gkos dk ft;fsqs ;kwoki fpqN/B Bz{ fwfbnk j? skfe Jh;kJh Xow dh
gskek Gkos d/ fJ; S'o s'A d{i/ S'o s~e cfjok ;e/.jo ftnesh Bz{ ibdh s'A ibdh GkoshnK Bz{ Jh;kJh
pDkUD d/ wj~stg{oD ezw Bz{ g{oh soK ysw eoD ft~u nkgDh ;koh Pesh brk d/Dh ukjhdh j?.@ w/io
n/vtovI (Major Edwards) B/ th fJj ;gPN o{g ft~u fejk ;h fe “Gkos ft~u ;kv/ nfXeko dk
nzfsw T[d/P d/P Bz{ Jh;kJh pDkUDk j?@.

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