Page 311 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

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;kfwkitkd spdhbh dh fJe Tsgoe d og ftu ekoi eoD d pknd tbA fJ; ;wkiK ƒ pdbB bJh sso
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dk nDjAd jtrk. fJj ;kfwkitkd d rgs ofynk fe wkoe;tkdhnK dh ntXkoDk ƒ ty ehsk eoD bJh
wr ehsh j dh tik tbA ;h.
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Anarchists ns/ ftP/P Bakunin ftu (wZy o{g tbA fe;kB goth dPK ;ws) d/PK d/ nkswfBoDJ d/
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nfXeko dk pukt ehsk. gSw rbkwh d nkXko T¤s ehsk frnk ;h ns ;kps eoDk j fe fJj UfoJN dh
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n;G: bJh fpjso BjhA ;h. TBKB fejk fe ;ko okiK ftu TBK dh edos ns TdP bJh Tj n;shst
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ftu j, noEks wBy BhnK, nikdh ns fBshesk d ;ko wBkjh d PosK dnkok rfYnk ehsk frnk j. fJ;
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dbhba d nkXko T¤s, Tj Tiv Tsarist o; ns T¤soh :og d T¤Bs dPK d ftu Gd BjhA ehsk ;h, bJh
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got T¤sokoX d og ftu fJe jh rb gyv dk wyN d Bkb ehsk ;h.
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JPhnkJh wV dh ntXkoDk fJe ueo fJsjk; fgnk j. bJh fJe :rdkB d g;sktBk ftu okiBhse wkbh
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jkbs (1859) dh nkbuBk, wkoe; fJe neB Epochs dh J fPnkfNe wV d og ftu wfBnk iKdk j ;wki
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d nkoEe ftek; ftu soeh. Jrb; gotko, fBih ikfJdkd ns oki d wb ftu JPhnkJh wV uouk BjhA
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ehsk. fJj o; ftu eKshtkdh ;xoP T¤s ftuko ftwoP d ;doG ftu ;h, fe ntXkoDk fJe tko fco tbA '
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brk. tyok okiBhse oDBhshnK o; ;kwsh, nX gihtkdh ;sktkdh, ehsk ik fojk j ns Goke og tbA '
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JPhnkJh d fdP ftu fsnko ehsk frnk. ftZu 1853, wkoe; ns Jrb; d og ftu noX^JPhnkJh
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Tsarist o; dh ftPPsk j. ftoXh Duhring, Jrb; gop dk skBkPkjh d nkXko d og ftu o; efwTB
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tfynk. 1877 ns 1882 d ftu, wkoe;, tok (1852^1919) Zaulich ns/ J/µr/b; ƒ nkgD/ gZso ftZu,
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;gkdeh pov dh Otechestvennye Zapiski d fJe wApo d og ftu, o; ftu eKsh dhnK ;GktBktK dh
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iKu dh fe eh nfijh jkbs ftu efwTB gdkB eo ;edk j ;wkitkd dh BhAj.
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fJe dBhnk ;otjkok eKsh dhnK ;GktBktK sbkP ftu, wkoe; ns Jrb; bJh ro^:ogh dBhnk ftu
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ouh ftykTD bJh Po ehsk. TsgkdB dh J fPnkfNe wV dh XkoBk :ogh ;doG d pkjo wkoe;tkdh
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ntXkoDktK dh gk;fresk dh iKu ehsh. idA fe wkoe; ns Jrb; nkPt;s ;B fe ;wkitkd gihtkd
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d uow dk soiwkBh ehsk ns fejk fe ;otjkok eKsh T¤Bs Td:re ;wkiK ftu jh sVBk jtrk, Tj
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1882 ftu fejk j fe ieo fJe eKsh Tsarist o; ftu sVBk jtrk, fJj ePPK d goe T¤Bs gSw ftu
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;otjkok tor ehsh.
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JPhnkJh wV gshwkB d wkoe; ;otkePktkdhJ nBwkB j fe fJe Pk;e tor etb fJe wkfbekBk tor
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j ;edk j xN nKfenk frnk j, :kBh fJe tor j fe TsgkdB d ;kXB d ;tkfwst. xPDkgso ns jo
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fbykJh ftu wYbh gshwkB oki dh BeoPkjh d tor ufoso j, i ekoDK ftuA fJe j ;edk j fJ;bJh
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ftPP og tbA JPhnkJh wV ns fJe fij og ftu oki d f;XKs d ewK ftu pjs YKu d og ftu pD oj /
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;edk j T¤s fXnkB eAdfos BjhA ehsk wkoe; ns Jrb;.
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12H10 Gkos ftZu fdqP (Views On India)
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JfPnkfNe wV d YKu d ndo Gkos dk ftPbPD, wkoe; nkPt;s ;h fe fJghfonb pohNB Gkos ftu
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gSw tkbk ;wki dh BhAj dh ;EkgBk jtrh, nroiah ;kfwkitkd bJh J fPnk ftu etb ;kwkie eKsh dk
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soiwkBh ehsk. fJj ftPtk; dbhba j fe jkbKfe TgfBtPtkd eoo ;h T¤s nokw ehsk, fJj dBhnk d /
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