Page 314 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^12L ekob wkoe;L tor ;µxoP ns/ ;kwkie spdhbh ns/ nfXP/P w[Zb d/ f;XKs

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5H HHHHHHHHHHHHH wkoe;tkd d gg d og ftu ikfDnk iKdk ;h
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(i) ekob ijkB Kautsky (ii) wkoe; (iii) b/fBB (iv) fJjBK ftuA eJh BjhA
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12H12 ;ko nzP (Summary)
• ;xoP tbA go fJe torjhB ;wki pDkTD ns ;wkBsk T¤s nkXkfos wkoe;tkd ;caBk ukbpkia
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oj. jkbKfe, PPD ns idkJh dh GktBk ns tk;st ftu fJe wesh ;wki j fe wBy
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ouBkswesk dk gok cb dh nkfrnk jtrh pDkTD dh nk; dh nkbuBk eoD bJh fe; th
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:NfgnB go:iBk d fJe noG dk fpdh j ikoh ojrk. wkoe; :Nfgnk tk;st ftu ;kT jD d /
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pktid, nfsnkukoh, fBoe; ns wBwkB Yr tbA ehsk ik fojk j bJh fJe ;Gkfte fdykfJnk
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jfJnk jdk j. ns dh iKu Uj gow ;sk dh Pesh d nDjAd d eAdoheoB nkgD nkg ƒ ;u
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wBy wesh ns nikdh d ftoX ;B. TBKB fejk, eJh nSk ekoB ƒ ftPtk; j fe eNogE ;sk
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dh okiBhsh bJh oVhtkdh okPNotkd dh ;sk dh okiBhsh tbA nfGnk; ftu xN ;sktkdh ;kps
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jtrk dh gPeP ehsh. nkgD ;kEh ekwo/v, i nkgD/ nkdoPK dh e[b wBkjh ftu ;B dhnK
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rshftXhnK T¤s fNgDh, wkoe; B fJe tko xPDk ehsh j fe Tj fJe wkoe;tkdh BjhA ;h. fJj
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nkgD f;XKs d Je rGho ;hwk j ;edk j, nkgD ihtBekb d dokB th ;kps eo fdsk j, d og
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ftu fJj TBK dh ws d pknd ehsk frnk ;h. Tj ibdh TABh;thA ;dh gihtkd ns okiBhsh d /
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fJe nkbue d og ftu ;GsA nSk :kd ehsk iktrk. f;XKs d ndo ;hwktK ns ngfonkgssk
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nB;wkoe fe T;dk ykek ;h, d og ftu Koestler fNgDh ehsh, fJe op j fe ftu n;cb j.
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• wkoe; tor f;XKs T¤s nkXko j fe ;ko jD se widk ;wki d fJsjk; tor ;xoP dk fJsjk;
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j. fNeh jJh j fJ; dPfNeD d nB;ko, d pknd tbA ed wBy ;wki nkgD nkfdw ns Nkeo /
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s/ Undiffereniated oki tbA T¤Gfonk j ieo wbe torK d ftu bkGKP dh pDh jJh j, i tor
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ftnki dh yi ftu NeokU. gihtkd dh dBhnk ftu, TdkjoD d bJh, gihtkdh ftt;Ek d /
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gowkD ;/b, ekoykB, P'Pe'A torK d ftZu ns/ P'PD d/ ftZu wB w[Nkt d/ gqXkBwµsoh fpd[gE ns/
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ekfonkswe ;fj:r dh sbDk ftu fpibh ;rA fwjBs d yohddko Selles d ftu j, iwks
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fjsK ns TBK d irkD ftu Pesh j fe Tj fbnkTD d NeokU ;kwkie ns fJfsjkf;e gfoehnk
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d eAdoh fBoXkoe wkoe; j.
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• wkoe; ftPbPD brksko eAdoK T¤s fetA goPK d ftu foPshnK ƒ TsgkdB dk wsbp j, fe
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TBK d nso dk tos eoe j, ;;kXBK ns nByk Pesh ƒ vokD d ;pX ftu TBK d foPsdko
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gdK tbA ;og d jB. Tj n;wkB tos dh iaoos BjhA j fe ;ko ;wAs ns ;ko goh;EshnK ftu
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;orow tor ;xoP eoD bJh nrtkJh. bfeB Tj fJj ;t:f;X j fe tor ;xoP bJh
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;Gkfte jo ftGfds ;wki ftu ofynk jfJnk j wfBnk iKdk j, d pknd tbA fJe nfij ;wki
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ƒ ftt;fEs tyok geko tbA ;kwkie ;ouBk d ndo ;fEs nkdwhnK ns ;wjK d ftu fjsK dk
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NeokU gdk ns fInkdk Earticulary, TsgkdB d ;kXBK d ;pX ftu. wkoe; d Bkb sohe /
;kwkie ;ouBk ftu ftPP gdK TBK d Incumbents dh ;kwkie Experierices ;o{g ns/ T[BQKƒ
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TBK d ;kwje fe;ws ftu ;Xko eoD bJh TAwy ekotkJh eoD bJh ;GktBk fInkdk jdh j dh
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