Page 318 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI
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fJekJh^13L ikB ;N[noN fwbL T[BQK dk ihtB ns/ nikdh dk f;XKs


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        nbipok, finkfwsh, nso ebB ns T¤u fj;kp dhnK ;wf;nktK ƒ jZb eo ;edk j. sK gwy nkgD /
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        fgsk d gGkt ;h, fe ikB ;NnoN fJe pu d og ftu nkgDh wK d :rdkB BjhA ;edk j nkgD noG dk
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        ;kbK bJh fco tbA fJemk eoDk. 13 ;kb dh Two ftu, Tj nroIh Pk;soh noEPk;sohnK d rGho gV Q ? /
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        bJh gP ehsk frnk ;h, ns 14 ;kb dh Two ftu okiBhse wkbh jkbs d sstA (1820) jedko noE
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        Pk;so ftu fJe gfou:kswe gkfmng;se gekfPs. Ekw; ekobkfJb (1795^1881), PwJb Nbo
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        Coleridge (1772^1834), Comte, rN, wordsworth ns/ tb'A, Tj wb eftsk ns ebk bJh nkfJnk
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        ;h. Tj nwohek ftu 1835 ns 1840 ftu d Gfink ftu, fJe feskp j fe T; T¤s fJe rfjok gGkt
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        SZfvnk J/b/ef;; vh v/w'eo/;h Tocqueville (1805^1859) dh ;fwfyne ehsh.
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        nfXnkgB j fe ikB ;NnoN xo T¤s gkgs tbA, TBKƒ ftPtk; j frnk j fe fInkdk tbA fInkdk edos
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        ufoso d rmB ftu fJe wjstgoD Gfwek fBGkJh dk g;Dk. fJj th Go;k fdsk j T;ƒ wjst f;fynk
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        d wBy ;Gkn ƒ pdbB ftu yb ;edk j. nkgDh nksweEk ftu, i TBKB fbfynk, 1850 d dPe, Tj
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        T;dh wkBf;e ;woEk ns ;ohoe ;og dD ftu nkgD fgsk d :rdkB ƒ ;theko ehsk Pesh, jd se j ?
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        fe Tj fJe fJe fij pkbgD ed BjhA ;h.
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        20 ;kb dh Two se, fwb nypkoK ns gsoektK bJh fbyDk Po eo fdsk. Tj okiBhse f;XKs d jo
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        gjb bJh :rdkB fdsk. dbhba dh nkgDh gDkbh (1843), fi; ftu TBKB 1820 ftu fbykJh Po ehsk
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        okiBhsh dk fJe ;;rs doPB ƒ ;gPN eoD dh efPP ehsh. dbhba d nkXko T¤s ;kwkie ftfrnkB dh
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        ntXkoDk d Bkb ;:es  Associational Pyschology b'e/ ns fjTw d pohNhP nBGttkdh gogok
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        fBT{N'fBnB G"sheh d/ gqshwkB. fbpoNh T[¤s/ nkgD/ fBpµX (1859) ns/ n"osK dh nXhBsk (1869) ekƒB,
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        nfXeko ns nikdh fitA wjstgoD wdhnK T¤s ;kT ;funk dh ebkf;e Elaborations ;B. TBK dk
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        gfsfBXh ;oeko T¤s ftuko (1861) nkgD nkdoP nkBgkshe soiwkBh, nbg;fyfJeA dh ;ofynk ns /
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        ;tPk;B dhnK ;;EktK d nkXko T¤s ;oeko dh fJe og oyk gdkB ehsh j. TBK dh gf;X SNh g;se
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        Tg:rsktkd (1863) pAEwh pAEw d doPB dk wb f;XKs d f;XKs dk ;woEB ehsk, jD se TBK dk
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        dbhba j fe fJ; f;XKs etb pukt ehsk ik ;edk j dnkok pAEwh XkoBk tbA fJe wjstgoD g;EkB
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        pDkfJnk ieo fJe yPh tbA fJIs tkbk yPh. Bentham ns/ Coleridge T[¤s/ T[BQK d/ fBpµX, 1838 ns/
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        1840 d ftu fbfynk j, T;ƒ ;whyeK pjiB fjstkd NeV eoDk eoD bJh ;woEktkB jDk ukjhdk j.
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               BN;    fJe ftnesh BjhA etb nkgD ewK bfeB T;dh fBPefonsk tbA d;ohnK ƒ pokJh dk
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                      ekoB j, j ;edk j ns fe; th wkwb ftu Tj uN bJh TBKƒ Tfus og ftu eoD bJh
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                       itkpdj j.                                        ^;NnoN fwb
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