Page 340 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI
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fJekJh 14L ikB ;N[noN fwb ns/ T[BQK dh gqfsfBZXh ;oeko


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        ns nkikd fBnk bJh  wYbh f;fynk bkiawh jtrh,  dh f;ckfo;a ehsh. nikdh Ts, fwb B f;fynk dh    B'N
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        ;EkgBk ehsh ns oki dnkok fBnsfos ehs ikD dh f;ckfo;a ehsh j.  19thA ;dh ftu Tdkotkdh
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        ftukoeK, froik xo d gGst ƒ xN eoD bJh ns nkgD wksk^fgsk  d fybkc puhnK d f;fynk d /
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        nfXeko dh ofynk bJh oki  d j;seyg Ts Go;k ehsk, bfeB f;fynk  d yso ftu pjs finkdk oki
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        dh Gkrhdkoh d ysfonK d fybkc fusktBh fdsh ;h. TBK B jw;ak gfsfBXh besso etb fJe oki fJe
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        iao d pjtuB Gkos fitA besso dh ;cbsk d ;Gt ;h, dnko wnsb wfBnk fe SN ns ;iksh Ts io
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        fdsk frnk j.
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        Bkrfoesk d nfXeko  d wkfXnw tbA fJe ftnesh, ;kwkie ftnesh pD rJ. TBK B okiBhse nikdh
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        ns ifawdkoh dBK ƒ gkgs eo fbnk. nosK d Bkrfoe ns okiBhse nfXekoK  d pukt bJh fwb dh fJj
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        fusk ;otifBe dkfJo d Bkb ;h. fJj th fXnkB ftu oyd jJ fe ;kotifBe vwB bJh dbhba f;XKs
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        okiBhse Tdkotkd(1993)  ftu eoD bJh eAdoh j frnk, T; d gwy :rdkB ftuA fJe dk rmB ehsk.
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        14H2  noE ftt;Ek ns/ oki (Economy and State)
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        fwb B dyb^Bhsh d noE PkPsoh f;XKs sA GNe ns @tebfge@ dyb d ysoK dh tekbs ehsh.
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        fbrh ;wkBsk d fJbktk. fwb B  Tdkotkd, noEks ;wkitkd d ndo :og ftu jo gwy pfXe wiawBK
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        ƒ ;wknfis eoD bJh e;fa;a ehsh. TBK B wfj;; ehsk fe idA se Tdkotkd jh ;wK pdbB bJh
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        nBefbs BjhA jtrk, fJj nkgD nkg ƒ pDkJ oyD ftu ;woEktkB BjhA jtrk. fwb d Tdko bJh fJj
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        Tdkotkd dh pfBnkdh rbK sA fpBK T;d gfotosB bJh fbnkfJnk frnk ;h. fdbu;g rb fJj j fe,
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        nkgD f;XKsK B wkoe; efwTfB;N xPDkgso (1848) d og ftu fJe jh ;kb ftu gekfPs ehs rJ /
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        foekoovhnB okiBhse noE ftt;Ek d f;XksK B djokfJnk frnk. fJ; gfoehnk ftu, fJj xN
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        fBnskswe pDkTD bJh,  fwb ;obhfes noE ;ak;so ;ob j. d;ok, Tj fJe f;XKs d og ftu,
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        ;wkfie ns nkofEe Bhsh d wkwfbnK ftu oki dk Bhsh^dyb g;d BjhA eodk ;h. shik,  ;wkitkd dh
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        nkgDh wioh  d fJe pkiako wkbh jkbs d ;ko YKu d ndo ;h.
          eh s;hA ikDd j? '    gogoktkdh iooh BjhA fe woy jB, b/feB ;G s'A w{oy b'e goµgoktkdh
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        fwb dh ;fEsh ftu pdbkT 1840 d djke ftu :og ftu eKshnK, nkJhfoP nekb ns goPK d ;rmBK
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        B ew eoB d bJh 1870 d djke ftu TBK d ew dh wIdoh ns PosK d ;Xko ftu :sB d dnkok gfos
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        ehsk frnk ;h. fwb nkfJfo;a nekb ns Tsgtk; dh nkpkdh ekoB t;akBrs ;tkfwst ns rikok  dk
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        eo wekB wkfbe dh ysh dh gDkbh  d og ftu tfynk frnk. fJ; bJh,  Tj sK e;ab fe;kB j frnk jt /
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        rk Tj ftok;s  d fJe fij nfXeko dh  ns wekwh fe;kBK ƒ nBg;fEs iwhAdkoK tbA tvh is d bkiawh
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