Page 89 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

g¤Swh okiBhse ftuko

B'N ;ft;sko, ns TdA sA fJj L
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HHH Two d wkfXnw tbA fJ¤e pfBnkdh torheoD d og ft¤u ns 19 thnK ;dh ft¤u gof;nk
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iKdk j. fJj okiBhsh ftfrnkB d fJsjk; ft¤u gfjbh ftnkfynkswe f;¤XKs, fi; ft¤u
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;;EkBK, ;Gkn ns ftukoK, gfoehnk ns BwkfJP eoD bJh ;pXs j. fJj PeshnK f;¤XKs dh
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idkJh d goti j.
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• S ;oekoK d no;s etb wj¤stgoD jD d og ft¤u uko tfynkL nbgsso, okiBhsh, besso
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ns Ibw. nfGiks tor nkdoP j, bfeB wPeb tbA jk;b j jo th nyk ƒ pDkJ o¤yD ;h.
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fJ; bJh okiBhsh, iK fwPos ;ftXkB, ;GsA n¤Sk ;h bJh fJj ;fEosk wksok, rDt¤sk d Bkb
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Bkb gB wb fwbkg. Ibw yokp ;h Tj TBK dk efjDk j fe PfjoK dh ;kwkie ;ouBk TBK dh
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noE ftnt;EktK, ftnt;knA, ftnt;knA ns jbksK d nB;ko w¤sGd gpfbs nkgD dbhb j, ?
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bfeB fJ; pdbktK BkrfoeK d nwho ns rohp torK d wkwb ft¤u x¤N ehsk ik ;edk j.
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ieo nwho fJj jkth j, sK fJj fJ¤e nbgsso pB frnk j ns idA rohp fBnsfos wkwbhnK
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fJj fJ¤e besso pB frnk. idA w¤X torK d nfXeko d oki dk gpX ehsk, n¤stkdh skesK
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Pk;B ;h, inbuilt ;fEosk dh rkoNh. w¤X tor ft¤u no;s ftPtk; ;fwE ns nroIh
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Pk;soh noEPk;sohnK d fbykJh ft¤u djokfJnk j. fwPos ;ftXkB d ftPk Polybius
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wkeo; Tullius Cicero (106^143 Jh g), ;AN JeftBk; ns MachIvelli d fbykJh ft¤u ehsk
frnk j pknd ft¤u djokfJnk.
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• no;s besso dh fJ¤e iodko nkbue ;h, bfeB jD th nkgD ckfJd d fJ¤e fBog¤y nkebB
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dh gPeP ehsh eoD bJh e¤M j, ;kwfje okJ frDBk ns |;bk ftneshrs j fe beK ƒ e¤M
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pikJ eJh Pk;B jtrk tbA fInkdk ;sPiBe ;B. fJ;dk Be;kB ro^wkwbh pkjo fJbki ehsk
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frnk. jkbKfe, Tj, gbN dh soK BjhA ;h, beK dh t¤v gwkB T¤E vo b¤rdk j ns TBK d eoD
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bJh ;kwje og tbA BhshnK ns Pk;eK dh ;wo¤Ek d gGkt T¤E nkgD c;b ƒ pVpbk eoD dh
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;wo¤Ek ft¤u ns fInkdk ftPtk; ;h. fJ¤E, no;s ridh gfoeb;, i nkw Bkrfoe dh
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;wo¤Ek ft¤u ftPtk; ;h.
• no;s ekƒB d Pk;B dk pukt ehsk j, bJh fJj ;fEosk ns iƒB d ftoX d ekoB d og ft¤u
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gdkB ehsh. nso j fe Tj ikfJdkd d nfXeko ƒ x¤N ehs fpBK ;fynkswe ns nkBgkshe
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;wkBsk, tv ns ;Xkokswe BhnK, ;kT f;¤fynk ns S¤Nh dk wj¤st, g;k T¤E ;hwktK d ft¤u
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pDkfJnk, tos w¤b ns froth w¤b d ft¤u nso j, fJ¤e n¤Sk nkdwh d ft¤u dk nsono
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fJ¤e n¤Sk Bkrfoe, Bkrfoesk d ;pX ft¤u ikfJdkd :rsk d wj¤st, pknd okiBhse gtuB
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ft¤u nfsns gGktPkbh fojk j.
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• BhnK d jo gjb ƒ fJ¤e drBk edosh BhAj ;hL (fJ¤e) i okiBhse ;wdkJ ft¤u jo nkdwh
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fJ¤e ;EkB T¤E epik eo fbnk j d ;pX ft¤u, fJ¤e ;wkoj ns ;kwkie wkb dh fj¤;dkoh d /
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nBgks ft¤u w¤b ƒ gokl ns (y) jo beK d Bkb fBih ;pXK fi;d Bkb jo nkdwh d;ohnK d /
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og ft¤u jh mhe eoD bJh wYbh ns nft¤Sfdn wkb dh fJ¤e fBPfus frDsh dk nkBd d eb
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;h. (1998 Heinaman ft¤u T¤XsL 647) ieo Bkrfoe d nfXekoK dk g:r
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