Page 84 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

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no;s B d¤f;nk fe nkdP ft¤u ewK ƒ goGkth Yr tbA, BkrfoeK fe ekgeN ns eb tbA pDBk ;h fJ¤e B'N
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gfb; ft¤u fBtk;. Tj gbN B;yk j fe 5000 d fJ¤e Bkrfoe ;oho nkdoP j ;edk j, bJh j fe Tj
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pjs pjs ;h ns pj¤d nkekP, fgsk d ftPkb Gwh d og ft¤u dh bV jtrh cih ewkB, ;kotifBe
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;uko ns ekƒBh xPDktKdh soK n;Gt ekoi gshgkdB d wj¤stgoD ;h. fJ¤e iVBtkbk Bkrfoe ;oho
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j fi¤E jo eJh fJ¤e d{¤i ƒ ikDd tke|, fttkdK ƒ goGkth Yr tbA ns ;sPiBe Yr tbA pf;nk j ?
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ns TwhdtkoK dh :rsk d nB;ko okiBhse dcsoK tvtK eoD ft¤u ;wo¤EktkB jtrk. Bkrfoesk dh
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rDt¤sk fJ¤e pjs okiBhse nsorsk dh ewh d ekoB ;wdkJ ft¤u GrsDk jtrk.
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no;s eJh j i ;ftXkB d Bkb ;dGkt ft¤u ofj ;edk j d og ft¤u fJ¤e n¤Sk Bkrfoe tofDs j ns /
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;wo¤E nkokw bJh nkgD nkg ƒ Bkrfoesk d ewK ns fiwdkohnK bJh ;wogs eoD dk ;wK ;h. Tj
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fJ¤e Bkrfoe ;oho d ndo fjsK dh ftftXsk d n;shst, Bkrfoesk dk nfGnk; eoD bJh Iooh d og
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ft¤u wfBnk iKdk j, bJh fJj fJ; fjsK dh fJ¤e ;sbB d wkfXnw tbA ehsk frnk j fe urh ;oeko
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gkgs ehsk frnk ;h. fJ¤e n¤Sk Bkrfoe gB iK Bfse ufrnkJh j fe fB;tkoE ns ;jekoh Bkrfoe
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ihtB ƒ ;keko eoD ft¤u wdd fwbrh nfXekoh jtrk. Tj fJ¤e d og ft¤u Bkrfoesk wfBnk iKdk jL ?
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HHH ;kotifBe wkwbhnK ft¤u Gkrhdkoh dh nµsorsk dnkok ikbh pKv. pµXB fJ;d /
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fJbktk fJ¤e foPsk j i e¤M Jhoyk d Bkb fJ;ƒ dk nkBd bD bJh ftPPkfXeko gkgs
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beK d dnko okytK ehsk frnk ;h. fJj BjhA sK fJ¤e mhe eoD bJh dkntk ehsk ik
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;edk j ns BjhA jh fJ¤e jkbs tor dh ;EkgBk oAeK d pkjo fe; ƒ th, eJh coe
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BjhA gAdk fe fetA fJ; soK d fJ¤e pkjoh ftnesh bkfJe j ;edk j T¤E ;BwkfBs
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ehsk frnk ;h. don;b, rohe Bkrfoesk fJBk nfXeko i fiwdkohnK i rot d /
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wYhnK (4L jhNo 1990) d Bkb ehsh ;h T¤E d og ft¤u dkntk ehsk ik ;edk j T¤E /
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fBoGo BjhA j.
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dBK gbN ns no;s Bkrfoesk bJh Iwdko ns goGkth f;¤fynk d ogK bJh tekbs ehsh. fJj wfBnk
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iKdk j, Tj fGPNkuko ns nkgD ;wK dh okiBhse nvbsk bJh fJ¤e dk fJbki ehsk frnk. Tj ;wkB
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og tbA fpBK ekoDA fi; sohe ft¤u nEhfBnkB oki Bkrfoesk dk ekoi wfBnk iKdk j, d wj¤stgoD
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;B. fJ¤e ;Xkokswe Tgkn d og ft¤u, dBK fBoXkos oki gpfXs ns oki fBnsfos f;¤fynk. ekƒB
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ft¤u, gbN fJj ;g¤PN j fe ekƒB d o¤fyne d TBK beK i fJ¤e o¤fyne dnkok fBoXkos sohe tbA '
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ns ekƒB oki dhnK gogoktK ƒ f;ykD bJh fsnko ;B d ft¤u tbA jh f;fyneK dk ;rfj eoe f;¤fynk
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gDkbh ƒ fBnsfos fe pDkfJnk. dBK gbN ns no;s oki fBnsfos f;¤fynk d ftuko eoD bJh
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gfspX ;B. Tj dk wBDk ;h fe Bkrfoe f;¤fynk d t¤yo PbhnK d t¤yo g:iBK bJh fJ;swkb ehsk
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ikDk ukjhdk j. gbN nksw eopkBh ns Pk;eK B c;bk ;DkfJnk bJh nkfrnkekfosk bJh nfXnkgB T¤E /
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Io fd¤sk, no;s ;oeko d ggso ƒ ftfdne TdPK wu dh Ioos T¤E io fd¤sk.
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4H3 e®Ksh d/ f;¤XKs (Theory of Revolution)
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no;s Stgeir , Chlcidice ft¤u gdk jfJnk ;h, 55 (34 whb) nkXfBe fdB Thessaloniki fewh
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got d pko ft¤u 384 JhH gH ft¤u. TBK d fgsk Nicomchus w;vB d oki Amynts fBih fufes;e
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