Page 85 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

g¤Swh okiBhse ftuko

B'N ;h. no;s gPfe;fs ehsk frnk ;h ns nfGiks tor d fJ¤e wApo d og ft¤u f;¤fyns.nmkoK ;kb
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dh Two d pko ft¤u, Tj JEA; ft¤u ubk frnk gbN d nekdwh ft¤u nkgDh f;¤fynk ikoh o¤yD d bJh.
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no;s b¤rG¤r thj ;kbK bJh nekdwh ft¤u 348$47 JhH gH ft¤u JEA; S¤vD tbA gfjbK pD oj. nkgD /
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g;EkB fogoN d pko ft¤u gkogoe ejkDh j fe Tj fdPk nekdwh T;dh ws T¤E gbN d Gshi /
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Speusippus gkfos ekp d pknd fbnk j, jkbKfe fJj ;Gt j fe Tj ftoXh wk;dfBnB GktBktK dh ;d /
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j j ns S¤v fd¤sk gfjbK gbN dh ws j rJh ;h, d Bkb fBokP ehsk frnk ;h. Tj sK Xenocrates Bkb
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nkgD Jf;nk wkfJBo ft¤u Atrneus d d;s HermIs dh ndkbs bJh eu. idA fe J;fnk ft¤u,
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no;s Bkb d Nkg j, fi¤E fJe¤m Tj ns fJ; Nkg d pB;gsh ftfrnkB ns gkDhPk;so iKu eoD bJh
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eu ehsk. no;s wspBk Xh (iK Gshih) tbA ftnkj eo bJh. Tj T;ƒ fJ¤e Xh j, Tj fiƒ Bkw fd¤sk
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j PythIs po. Hermias’s ws d pknd Ssh jh, no;s Macedon d fcfbg d;ok dnkok ;¤fdnk
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ehsk frnk ;h eoD bJh nkgD pN ƒ 343 JhH gH ft¤u f;edo wjkB fNTNo pB.
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gbN ns ;eoks (gbNK f;fyne) d Bkb fwbe, no;s fJ¤e g¤Sw tkbk fcbk;|h ft¤u ;GsA wj¤stgoD
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;;Ekge nKeV ehsh j. no;s d fbykJh g¤Sw tkbk fcbk;|h, Pkfwb fBshesk ns ;AdfonkPk;so,
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dbhb ns ftfrnkB, okiBhsh ns nfXnkswtkd bJh fJ¤e ftnkge gDkbh pDkTD bJh gfjbh tko ;B.
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no;s d Gfse ftfrnkB rfjokJh tbA ;og dk wfXfnTrhB tIh|k ns TBK d gGkt T¤E ftuko
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gBoikroD ft¤u urh soK tbA tXkfJnk j, jkbKfe Tj UVe fBTNfBnB Gsheh d dnko g®sh;Ekfgs
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ehsk frnk. gkfD ftfrnkB ft¤u TBK dh fN¤gDhnK d e¤M 19 thnK ;dh ft¤u jh mhe jD dh gPNh ehsh
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rJh. nkgD ew eodk j dbhb d Ssh tbA Ssh frnks o;wh gVkJh j, i 19 thnK ;dh ft¤u nkXfBe
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o;wh dbhb ft¤u Pkfwb ehsk frnk ;h jd j. nfXnkswtkd ft¤u AristotelInism ftueko :¤r
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ft¤u fJ;bkwh ns :jdh gogoktK ft¤u dkoPfBe ns Xkofwe ;u T¤E rfjok gGkt ;h ns fJj Jh;kJh
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XowPk;so, ftPP og tbA eEbhe froik xo d ogtkdh gogok ƒ gGkfts eoD bJh ikoh j. T;dh
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fBshesk, jkbKfe jw/Pk gGktPkbh, g[B fBshesk d/ nkXfBe nkrwB d/ Bkb Bt/A f;o tbA ftnki g®kgs
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ehsh. no;s d fcbk;|h d ;ko gfjbnK ƒ ;orow nekdfwe gVkJh dh uhI j n¤i ikoh j. jkbKfe
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no;s eJh ;ofugoD rEK ns ;tkd (f;;o ;D dh fJ¤e Bdh d og ft¤u tofDs TBK d ;kfjfsne Pbh
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fbfynk ;h).
eh s;h ikDd jA? no;s fJ¤e :BkBh dkoPfBe gbN d fJ¤e ftfdnkoEh ns f;edo wjkB d /
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f;fyne ;h. TBK dk fbykJh Gsheh, nfXnkswtkd, eftsk, fEJNo,
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;rhs, dbhb, fpnkBpkih, GkPk ftfrnkB, okiBhsh, ;oeko, fBshesk,
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iht ftfrnkB ns gkDhPk;so ;fjs eJh wIwBK ƒ eto.
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e®KshL ekoB ns/ T[guko (Revolution: Causes nd Remedies)
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okiBhsh d wkfXnw tbA ;fEosk bJh yi eo fd¤sk no;s nvbsk spdhbh ns eKsh bJh ekoDK dh iKu
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eoD d bJh ns pbVk ns brksko spdhbh d fybkc Tguko fby gbNK, i pdbkt ƒ ;theko BjhA ehsk
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