Page 90 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^4L no;s{ eqKsh d/ f;ZXKs

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eod nkBgkshesk ns ;kotGfwe bJh ;BwkB dh wr j ns fJj etb fJ; bJh fJ; soK d og B'N
ft¤u ;ko beK d j ;ed jB.
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• wB¤y edos drBk ftftXsktK;h ns ndo tbA nkgDh okiBhse nfGftnesh: ft¤u ftftX j, ?
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jkbKfe fJj fJ¤e jh ;wK ft¤u fJ; soK jo irk mhe ft¤u fJj nfj;k; eoD bJh jo fJ¤e
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nkdwh T¤E tbA ;BwkfBs ehsk frnk ;h, Gb jh t¤y t¤y soheK tbA, nkgD wB¤y ;ko ft¤u
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ofynk jfJnk ;wo¤Ek. wsbp fJj fe jkbKfe no;s wB¤y d edosh n;wkBsk ft¤u fJ¤e
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ftPtk; ;h, fco th TBKB ;theko ehsk j fe ;wkBsk d ysoK ;B, d og ft¤u ;ko t¤yok ysoK
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ft¤u ePwsktK;h. fJ; wsbp ft¤u Tj ekfonkswe torheoD bJh Bkrfoe ;wki d ndo
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;XkoD r¤bpks ft¤u ;wkBsk dh beh goekPB d Bkb tekbs ehsh. fJj nkXfBe Ppdktbh
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ft¤u ekƒB d Pk;B d og ft¤u ikfDnk iKdk j. nkXfBe ;ftXkBtkd dh gkuhB iVA d t¤b
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fJPkok eod jJ d og ft¤u nwohek d ;ftXkB Shklr ft¤u gfobe;fs gkuhB roh; ft¤u
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nkgD wb dk gsk brkfJnk ns fejk fe ekƒB d Pk;B d pjs ftuko no;s dbhb j, fe
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:eshe dbhb tdkok dbhb T¤E fBoGo eodk j.
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• fJj ;¤u ;h j fe no;s okiBhse XkoDktK BkNeh ns tumultuous :BkBh dBhnk ft¤u jD
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tkbh spdhbh PhPk BjhA ;h. TBK d ftfdnkoEh f;edo wjkB fJ¤e ;kwoki dk T;koh ehsk
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frnk ;h, bfeB no;s wB¤y f;nkDg bJh edosh ;;Ek d og ft¤u Pfjo oki ƒ dyD bJh
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ikoh o¤fynk. Tj nEhfBnkB wkvb d fJ¤e gP;e ;h. tk;st ft¤u, nkgD go okiBhse
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fcbk;|h nbeiAvo d wjkBrohJ ns Pkjh wkvb ƒ ykfoi eo fd¤sk. fJj th fJ¤e ;ukJh j ?
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fe, s¤sekb pknd d ;doG ft¤u ftPbPD, no;s goh soK tbA Gbk fd¤sk frnk ;h. fJ; bJh
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ekoB rohe okiBhsh d ;ehoD nkXko ;h, ;wki d t¤v tor dk pkJhekN eoD bJh nkr j ns /
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tkg;h dh okiBhsh d og ft¤u ro^okiBhse fcbk;|h Cynics, Epicureans, Skeptics ns/
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Stoics dnkok ftef;s dnkok TdkjoD.
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• Skeptics ns Stoics no;s dh wj¤stgoD ;B. TBK B ;funk ;h fe nkgD B;y ftftXsk ƒ
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Biondki eo fd¤sk j fe dBhnk ft¤u gkfJnk frnk ;h. Tj ;kotGfwe og nEhfBnkB w¤X
tor d Bfse w¤bK ƒ gP eoD bJh T;d pko ft¤u wj¤stgoD ;B. no;s dh nkbuBk 15 th
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;dh ft¤u sih nkJh j, bfeB fJ; wfXnTrhB nkgD nkg T¤E no;s ns Aristotelians BjhA
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T¤E fInkdk ;h. jkbKfe, 16 ;dh no;s ft¤u nkgD nkg Justus (1547-1606) Lipsus,
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fgno/ Charron (1541^1603) ns/ fwP/b v/ Montaigue (1533^1592) fitA byeK B jwbk
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ehsk ;h. Charron psek ftuko propounding bJh no;s dh nkbuBk dh j¤d s¤e ubk
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frnk. Grotius goTgeko fitA wj¤stgoD ntXkoDktK ƒ fsnko eoD ft¤u EVk jD d og
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ft¤u fJ¤e jmbk eo no;s d f;¤XKsA ƒ ykfoi eo fd¤skL 1640 s¤e, eJh eEbhe s gN;NAN
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XowPk;sohnK no;s d fJ¤e TbMB nkbuBk ftef;s. Tj fJ¤e Mmh dkoPfBe d og ft¤u
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fusfos ehsk frnk ;h, nkgD B;y bJh ftPtk; d pikJ ekoB d nkXko T¤E ehsk frnk j.
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jp; nkswo¤fynk d nkXko T¤E Aristotelians ns wkBtsktkdhnK dh Bfse BhAj ƒ ykfoi eo
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fd¤sk. jp; d bJh, no;s f;¤XKs ftfrnkBh iKu eoD bJh fJ¤e nVuB ;h ns fJ; ;fekfJs
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