Page 95 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

g¤Swh okiBhse ftuko

B'N ew tbA gosD d pknd urh feskpK ns ebkf;e; gV rIkfonk. TBK B wfj;; ehsk fe Tj nshs dk
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;G sA nSk fdwkr d Bkb fJe rbpks is fojk ;h ns fejk fe d og ftu Tj gotiK dh gkuhB ndkbsK
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ftu gotP ehsk, Tj TBK d dnkok ;tkrs brk. eJh gBoikroD ftukoeK nkgD nkg d fBih
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g;sekfbnK iK gVkJh eeP j i Tj podkPs eo ;ed ;B, gBoikroD d pknd tbA fJNbh nfsns
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pyaskto ;h. gBoikroD g;k dh tik tbA ;Gt j frnk ;h, d og ftu ;;fesh ƒ pyasktoh d Bkb jh
fByfonk.
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jkJh eoN ftu j wunftbh ekoiekb T;ƒ fJe eoD bJh nkgD fdB d gGktPkbh okiBsktK, noEks
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ifbn; d;ok (1443^1513) fJe ;GsA rshPhb gBoikroD, iowBh d ;wokN Maximilian wA (1459^
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1519), |oK; d oki bJh pkojthA tbA fwbD dk we fdnkno ekofvBb Cesare Borgia, Rodrigo Borgia
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g'g nb/ei/Avo (1431^1503) d BkikfJi pN/ (1476^1507). TBQK ftZu tb'A, fJj Borgia i fJe ;EkJh
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Skg Sv fdsk ;h ns T;dh fBowjh ns ;kj;h nrtkJh bJh fg; ftu T¤Xs ehsk frnk ;h, wunftbh
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ns fe;ws dh Gfwek dh nkeoPe yKd bJh fJe TdkjoD d og ftu. fe;ws d f;XKs ;theko ehsk fe
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:iBk ns ;ywsk ;kj; ns ubke d Bkb okiBhsh dk yb yvD d pknd th, fJe jD th n;cb j ;edk
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j. nkgD ;wK d Pk;eK ns okiBsktK T¤s wunftbh |;bk dnkok tvh ns wjstgoD ;h.
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ibkJh 1500 ftu, wunftbh S wjhB bJh fJe ;|kosh ew T¤s bJh pkojthA dh ndkbs dk dok ehsk,
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f;oc nfj;k; j fe nkgD xo d cboA; oki fJe ci dh ewh, ;oeko dh fJe dftXk ftu fgnk jfJnk
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rDsµsokswe o{g dh tiQk tb'A xZN ;BwkB ftZu nki'fis ehsk frnk ;h ns/ fBnwftnkgkonK bJh j? i'
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Pfjo d cih T¤s g;k you BjhA eoDk ukjdk ;h. nkgD nkg wunftbh d og ftu eoD bJh Gfink
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frnk ;h, fi;dk wsbp j Ph eM BjhA TBK dk nBGt j, i okiewko d eo dk rmB T;ƒ ubke jD bJh
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Ioos f;ykfJnk, ;iwh, ;;;fes, ;Pes, fBoDkfJe ns okiBhsh ftu eoo, ieo fJe ;cb ;h. TBK Q
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B fJj th fJe Bkrfoe ci ns tfvnkJh ns fJe oki ;s;r ftu ;ft;sko wIwBK dh ;cbsk bJh
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wjstgoD ss d og ftu fJe rDsKsfoe ;oeko d wjst dk nfj;k;.
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xo gosD T¤s, wunftbh ftneshrs wkwbnK d Bkb bhB j frnk. nkgD ftdP gotk; d dokB, T;dh
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GD ns fgsk dh ws j rJh. TBK B 1501 ftu ftnkj eo bJh. 1502 ftu, Tj fJe ns ;|kosh fiw /
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dkoh d Bkb ;god frnk ;h ns fJ; uko wjhfBnK d dokB nBGt fg; ns ;s;r d eo dk rmB.
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wunftbh finkdk nkPt;s j fe fJe oki ftu nkgD nkg dh fJe fBshesk dh Ioos j, noEks j fe
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;cbsk j, i Tj ;ofynk ns beK ƒ ns ofynk ns oki dnK ;hwktK d ft;Eko d urh soK tbA ehsk
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ik fojk j d og ftu gfjukD ehsh. pB frnk 1503 ftu, wunftbh ow gg ndkbs ftu fJe ;eN T¤s /
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fJe fogoN pDkTD bJh ns BtA gg ifbn; d;ok dk nkebB eoD bJh ubk frnk.
1512 ftu, cboA; d be^oki Yfj rJh j. wunftbh eono dk ;kwDk eoDk fgnk, feTAfe Tj nkgD gd
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tbA 7 Btpo, 1, 512 T¤s poyk;s eo fdsk frnk ;h. fsB fdB pknd, Tj eoD bJh fJe ;kb bJh jh
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;hfws jD dk nkdP fdsk frnk ;h. 1513 ftu, Tj Ibw ns ib frnk ;h, bfeB pknd ftu BtA Pk;eK
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d gGst, wfv;h gotko d Bkb ;otePwk fdsh. Gko dh fBPkBh d og ftu, Tj wfv;h gotko, d;ok
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(1492^1519) de’Medici, Lorenzo Magnificient, gsk okiewko ;wogs. nkgDh fojkJh d pknd,
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nkgD ;wK, fJe bkr SNh d you, nkgD f;nk;sh nBGtK tbA ;pe T¤s doPksh j, fJsjk; ns ;wM
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