Page 97 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

g¤Swh okiBhse ftuko

B'N 14 gBoikroD pbkfJnk ;dh ftu Po dh bVh ƒ ;wMD bJh wjstgoD j. fJ;dk ssekb gGkt fJNbh
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ftu ;h, i jbh^jbh :og d nkokw eoD bJh do tbA 15 tnK ;dh d dnko cb frnk. gBoikroD
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nikdh, nksw ftPtk; ns nkPktkd dh gkgsh ftu wBy dh nkswk dk fJe dpkok iBw signified.
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wfXnTrhB dyD d bJh, i ehsk ik fojk j d og ftu fvr frnk j ns eAdo ftu PskB d Bkb fJe
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pokJh dfBnK ftu fGPN wBy goebgBk ehsh rJh ;h ftoXkGk;, gBoikroD ftnesh dh Iooh
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ufrnkJh, ;Adfonk ns Xosh dh tfvnkJh d rohe nkdoP T¤s epik eo fbnk, n;shst dh yPh,
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fBokbk ns toswkB d wjst dh fBokoEesk, d og ftu fJe irrecoverable nshs ns nfBPfus Gfty
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dh sbDk ftu j. wByK d gsh otfJnk got Jh;kJh fJ; tkg;h, GrtkB ns/ edos wBy efPP ns /
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ouBkswesk d ;ko gfjbnK ftu goekPB fwbh. wkBtsktkd, rfowk ns fJ;kB dh TsfePNsk gPNh,
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nkXfBe dfBnK ƒ ;wMD dk nkXko pB frnk. sg, rohph, dy, ftBwosk ns ;;kfoe ftnesh dh
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worthlessness T¤s wXekbhB Jh;kJh sBkt d ftgohs, wkBttkd wBy dh nkswk ns frnkB dh nikdh
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dk pukt ehsk. gBoikroD fJe Jehfes Jh;kJh ;wki d NND dk ;es j.
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g[BoikroD d/ e/Ado ftZu Bt/A wB[Zy, fJZe T[wµrh p/u?B ftneshrs, nkgD/ nksw fjZs tb'A gq/fos j?,
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tfvnkJh ns gqf;ZXh dh wr d/ T[dGt ;h. nksw pX ns/ fsnkr ns sg d pikJ y[Ph, wBZy n;shst
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ns f;fynk d ;u yasw jdk d og ftu tfynk frnk ;h. ;t gosh BjhA jD edosh ;ektK ns GktBktK
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d dwB d dnko gkgs ehsk ik fojk j d og ftu tfynk frnk ;h. :kep Burckhardt nkgD ebkf;e
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ftu (1818^1897), fJNbh (1860) ftu gBoikroD dh ;fGnsk B df;nk fe fJj BtA wBy, gf;Xh ns /
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tfvnkJh tbA gfos ftnesh, nksw actualization ns yPh d pikJ nkg fJBeko roGkXkBno Xkofwe
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PoXk j fe gBoikroD dk ;ko dk rmB ehsk ;h. ftneshtkd ns rgs dh gE d GktBk ;tkroj d /
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ftek; bJh nrtkJh ns ftnesh dh T¤usw ftek; d ftuko ftu Ponks.
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nkXfBe oki d Ponks nkXfBe ftnesh d ftek; d Bkb^Bkb ;h. nkXfBe oki ;otPeshwkB ns /
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omni ^ ;woEktkB, d ftuko tbA pkjo ew ehsk ;h. okiewko ;kotifBe GtBK ns uouK, Bro gfb;
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d oyoykt, dbdb dh gkDh fBek;h, weJh, levying Ne;K dh nkgosh ;fB;fus eoD ns TBK dh bV
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d beK ƒ ;wMkTD dh ;G eM d fjckIs d ukoi bD bJh ehsk ;h, phwko ns p;jkok eoik, dk ;woEB
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gshPfms c;b fi;dk nkTD tkb ;kbK bJh T;dh gf;Xh nokw T¤s ftdtkBK ns pfXihthnK bJh
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;woEB eod jB. fe; ns dh sbDk ftu finkdk j, fJj wunftbh i fJ; nkXfBe oki ns nkX[fBe
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ftnesh dh rshPhbsk ƒ ;wM ;edk ;h.
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;wkB og tbA wjstgoD fbfge JekfXeko d ns ns XowfBogy, ;gG, nkikd okiK, nkgDh okPNoh
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;;fesh, gfjukD ns GkPk d Bkb jo fJe tbA gg ;otusk d gfs;EkgB ;B. okPNo oki n;shst
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ftu nkfJnk ns fJ;dh ;cbsk d Xkofwe iK chivalric BjhA j, bfeB okiBhse wkgdv dnkok fBoXkos
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ehsk frnk ;h. Explorations ns :ksoktK Grfbe ekYK bJh nrtkJh ehsk, dfBnK d pko ftu
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XkoDktK copdb. Medievalists eAdo ftu fJe cbN Xosh, fJ;ƒ jmK Boe ns ;tor d Bkb nkgD /
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udtk pfjwv d og ftu tfynk ;h. efo;Nco (1451^1506) ebp; ns tk;e dk rkwk (1469^1524)
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dnK ekYK Gfw pf;B ns :og tbA pkjo Grfbe oy tX. fJe BthA dfBnK d BeP f;fyns d fdP
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tXkfJnk.
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