Page 94 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

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rk j. fJ;ƒ ftu, wunftbh ftPbPD monarchies d tyo geko j, okiK, fe Tj fetA gkgs ehsk ik
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fetA ;sk jfEnkTD bJh j ns pDkJ ofynk, fetA Pk;B eoD bJh cih pbK ns nkgD ew dk ;ko j, ?
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fetA fJe okiewko ;ko go;fEshnK ftu ekoi d ew ftu fJ; ewK ƒ gok eoD bJh eoDk ukjhdk j.
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5H1 ihtB dh o{g^o/yk (Life Sketch)
wunftbh cboA;, fJNbh ftu 3 wJh, 1469 T¤s gdk jfJnk ;h. Tj fJe gotko j fe BjhA sK nwho
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ns BjhA jh ebhB ;h 3 puk ;h, bfeB urh soK tbA Pfjo d gf;X humanistic jbe'A d/ Bkb i[fVnk
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jfJnk j. ;kb fJe wunftbh gdk jfJnk ;h idA Lorenzo v/ (1449^1492), PkBdko b'o/Ai' d/ o{g ftZu
eoD bJh Gfink j, ;G sA Florentines dh Florentine ;h, fonk;s dh pski Pk;e pB rJ.
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cboA; nkoEe og tbA pyaskto ;h, bfeB Bkrfoe ;xoP ns okiBhse fteko dh fJe bwh fwnkd dk
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;kwDk eoDk fgnk. wunftbh cboA;, TBK d iw;EkB fgnko eodk ;h. pjs xN j wunftbh noG dk
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ihtB d Bkw tbA ikfDnk iKdk ;h. TBK d fgsk Bernado, fJe Bkrfoe tehb, eJh wjstgoD
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feokJ gkgs j, nkgD gotko ƒ nkoEe og tbA ;fji pDk. Bernado nkgD pN dh f;fynk d yso ftu
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ek|h ouh bJh. fBeb bfNB ftu urh soK tbA tkfec j, bfeB rohe BjhA ;h ns f;;o humanistic
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gVkJh, i fetA fJe ;wkor T¤s ubD bJh T¤s ;bkj d Bkb tyok Bfse jbksK T¤s fXnkB eAdfos ehsk
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j. wkBt tkdh gVkJh, i cboA; ftu ur bSD ;kotifBe nSk j, Ibw ns fGPNkuko d fybkc bVB dh
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fJSk ns wjkB ekoi eoD d ew ftu tfvnkJh gkTD dh Ioos bJh fJe fBih fjsK bJh fsnko nXhBsk
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wjstgoD. w?unftbh fbykJh fJ; humanistic fusktK ƒ gshfpfps ehsk.
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1498 ftu, fJe goGkth be^oki cboA; ftu ;Ekgs ehsk frnk ;h. fJe jh ;kb ftu, wfenktbh,
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cboA; :Bhtof;Nh ftu nkgDh f;fynk goh eoD d pknd, Florentine ;|kosh ;tk ftu Pkfwb j '
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rJ. 29 ;kb dh Two ftu, Tj ftdPh ;|kosh, gpXeh ns T;ƒ okiBhsh dh n;bh ew ftu frnkB
Bso d edos ftu cih wkwbnK ftu fiwdkoh d Bkb 2 jkJh eoN ;eso pD. nkgD humanistic
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nfXnkgB T;ƒ fJe fwjsh, d;Grsh ns okiBhsh JhwkBdko ;kotifBe gdnfXekoh pDkfJnk j.
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eh s;h ikDd jA< Medici fB:w j, i 1494 ftu yasw j frnk Girolamo wkfonk coAefJ;
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Matteo Savonarola (1452^1498), fJe fGeP d dnko fgSk ehsk frnk
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wunftbh fJsjk; ftu dV ftPtk; j fe fJsjk; d gVkJh d ;wekbh n;bns dh fJe ;wM bJh
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wjstgoD wjst dk ;h d pkjo ipod;s ftPtk; ;h. feskpK ftu TBK dh ouh etb TBK j fe ihtB
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d nBGtK d Bkb fBpfVnk se jh ;hfws ;h. Tj nkgDh Pkw mhe egV gfjB jJ s nkgD bkfJpoh ftu
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