Page 96 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^5L Bhe'b' w?uhTftbh

statecraft, i' ;ko/ d/ T[BQK d/ fbykJh ftZu Pkfwb ;B gVQ?/. w?unftbh r?o dkoPBe rqµEK ƒ tZv/ g?wkB/ T[¤s/ B'N
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gVhJL Frontininus d TBK beK d bJh, NkfJN; Livius fbth (59 JhH gH 17^JhH), (46^120) gbNkoe,
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(203^120 JhH gH), eoBfbT; (55^117), rvwB Vegetius (450^383 JhH gH), ns Xenophon (430
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Nk;e wunftbh 1503 ftu feTA ow eoD bJh ikDk j<
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nkfXekfoe so T¤s 1532 se gekfPs BjhA ehsk frnk. fJ;dh ;cbsk ssekb ;h, wunftbh dh ws d /
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pknd 25 ;;eoDA ftu ub fojk j. finkdk ouBkswe rshftXnK d pknd s fJe vokwk, Mandragola,
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fJe nkgD ;wK d ;G sA ur jkf;n d og ftu wffBnK iKdk j, nBshesk d ftukoK, ;kfiP, pJhwkBh,
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Sbpb ns yasw jdk j ns fJ;dk wsbp j d ftu ;pX dk gsk brkfJnk. 1520 ftu, wunftbh
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cboA; :Bhtof;Nh dnkok fJe eokfBeb ns cboA;, i cboA; d fJsjk; d og ftu 1525 ftu
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ofjD d pknd fJe GrskB Beoh fwb rJh. wunftbh th Belfagor ns bVkJh (1521) dh eb d bye.
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cboA; d fJsjk; ftu, wunftbh dk ftPbPD ehsk ns beK ns ;skoY pVgD d ftu fJe edosh tor
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bVkJh ;EkfBe ;kwkie ;xoP ns cboA; d Pfjo oki ftu fj;k ƒ fIwdko ofenk. nvbsk bJh ekoB
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;h. PofweA bJh nkgD nkg ƒ ;oeko d dwB tbA pukTD bJh ns fBoDkne ekotkJh eoD bJh fJe
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nwho ns tfusA d ftu fJe ;xoP d nkgD ;Mkn bJh fJe T¤sw fefonk d og ftu o;sk dh gP;k
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ehsh j ns tfus d gy d Bkb aligning ftu ofynk jfJnk j fe wBy yPh.
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wunftbh fJe ;|kosh, ftdtkB ns fJe BkNeeko d og ftu fJsjk; ftu :kd ehsk iktrk. nkgD /
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fBih ihtB ftu Tj fJe gwh ftnesh, ftPtk;xksh gsh, fJe fgsk d fgnko, fJe GkPD, rkbVh,
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jkf;n d fJe wjkB GktBk d Bkb fJe ;kT ns Go;wd d;s ;h. Tj nkgD nkg d og ftu ;y d og
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ftu Tj d;fonK dh ehws T¤s ehsk j; ;ed j. Tj 22 iB, 1, 527 T¤s fBXB j frnk. fBu fby /
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T;d ;wkXh dk gEo T¤s fPbkby ;hL epitph “BjhA fJe nfijk wjkB Bkw tbA wb eo ;ed j.”
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5H2 g[BoikroD ns/ fJ;d/ gqGkt (Renaissance and its Impact)
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bk;eh (1936L 31) mhe dyD ƒ fe gBoikroD d go wunftbh ftu j. ;sk bJh nkgDh tk;Bk, ;cbsk
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bJh nkgDh gP;k, dk wsbp j dh nkgDh bkgotkjh, wfXnTrhB pKv, fJ;dh ybe psgo;sh, okPNoh
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Jesk dh nkgDh ;fink d nkgD fJBeko d okPNoh Pesh bJh pDkTAdk j. BjhA sK T;dh ;Be ns BjhA
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jh Pmsk dh nkgDh gP;k T; ftu nkdoPtkdh ƒ SgkB bJh ;woE j. wunftbh fbykJh ns TBK d /
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;doG tbA Gfonk wjst ƒ ;wMD d bJh, fJj ;K;feshe, nkoEe, ;kwkie ns okiBhse spdhbh j fe
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