Page 115 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV (iii) xzsV dkSafly vkSj D;wfj;k jsftl& jktk dh 'kfÙkQ bruh c<+ x;h fd 'kkludk;Z esa ckgjh lgk;rk vko';d
gks x;hA 'kklulapkyu vkSj uhfr&fuèkkZj.k esa lgk;rk osQ fy, nks laLFkkvksa dk tUe gqvkμ cM+h ifj"kn~ (Great
Council or Magnum Concilium) vkSj NksVh ifj"kn~ (Little council or Curia Regis) A xzsV dkSafly lSDlu ;qx
dh foVuktsewV mÙkjkfèkdkj lHkk FkhA D;wfj;k jsftl xzsV dkSafly dk NksVk :i FkkA bls xzsV dkSafly dk ^vkarfjd
o`Ùk* (inner circle) dgk tkrk gSA xzsV dkSafly ls fczfV'k laln rFkk D;wfj;k jsftl ls fçoh dkSafly] ,Dlpsdj rFkk
mPp U;k;ky;ksa dk mn; gqvkA bl çdkj] chloha 'krkCnh dk baXySaM ^ukeZu ;qx* dk cgqr dqN ½.kh gSA
(iv) eSXukdkVkZ vkSj mldk egÙo& gsujh f}rh; us 'kklu dks liQyrkiwoZd pyk;k vkSj jktra=k dks n`<+ cuk;kA
ysfdu] mlls v;ksX; mÙkjkfèkdkfj;ksaμ fjpMZ çFke vkSj tkWu dh xyr uhfr;ksa us Økafr dh vkx HkM+dk nh_ leFkZdksa
us mldk lkFk NksM+ fn;kA vUr esa] cSjksuh us tkWu dks viuh 'krks± dks ekuus osQ fy, ckè; fd;kA iQyr%] mls
eSXukdkVkZ (Magna Carta) ftls ^ek¡x&jkti=k (The Great Charter) dgrs gSa] ij viuh eatwjh nsuk iM+hA ;g
jkti=k fo'o dk ugha rks de&ls&de xzsV fczVsu dk lcls egÙoiw.kZ ys[k vo'; gSA mUuhloh 'krkCnh esa fc'ki
fcfy;e LVCl (Bishop Wiliam Stubbs) us dgk Fkk fd fczfV'k lafoèkku dk iwjk bfrgkl bl egku jkti=k dh
,d O;k[;k gSA
laln dk mn; vkSj fuekZ.k

(i) laln dk çkjaHk& laln dk mRifÙk&dky ,d fooknkLin ç'u gSA vfèkdrj fo}ku bldh 'kq:vkr ukeZu ;qx
dh ^o`gr~ lHkk* (Magum Concilum) esa ikrs gSaA ;g orZeku ykMZ lHkk dh rjg iknfj;ksa rFkk dqyhuksa osQ lkFk
Fkh] ysfdu èkhjs&èkhjs cká vkSj vkarfjd fnDdrksa dk lkeuk djus osQ fy, rFkk dj&çkfIr osQ mís'; ls jktk turk
osQ çfrfufèk;ksa dks Hkh vkeaf=kr djus yxsA 1295 bZ- esa ,MoMZ çFke us laln dh cSBd cqyk;hA ;g bfrgkl esa ^vkn'kZ
laln* (Model Parliament) osQ uke ls fo[;kr gS] D;ksafd 400 O;fÙkQ;ksa dh bl lHkk esa çk;% lHkh çeq[k
oxks±&cSju] iknjh] ukbZV rFkk uxjksa bR;kfn dks çfrfufèkRo feykA blosQ i'pkr~ fczfV'k 'kklu O;oLFkk dk ;g ,d
LFkk;h vkSj vfuok;Z vax cu x;hA ;g u rks fdlh fuf'pr ;kstuk] fuf'pr le; ;k turk dh ek¡x dk ifj.kke
gS] cfYd ;g ,sfrgkfld fodkl dk iQy gSA

(ii) çfrfufèkRo dk fl¼kar& 'kq: ls gh laln dk :i va'kr% çfrfuè;kRed (representative) jgk gS] D;ksafd
uxjksa vkSj lkeUrksa osQ çfrfufèk fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa pqus gq, gksrs FksA baXySaM osQ fy, çfrfufèkRo dk fl¼kar dksbZ
u;k fl¼kar ugha FkkA vr% lPph çfrfuè;kRed ljdkj dh LFkkiuk orZeku dky esa gqbZA ysfdu bldh uhao o`gr~
lHkk esa dkÅUVh vkSj ckSjksa dks çfrfufèkRo nsus osQ lkFk iM+ pqdh FkhA blosQ mn; dk dkj.k Lora=krk ;k Lo'kklu
osQ çfr çse ugha cfYd jktkvksa dh dj çkIr djus dh 'kfÙkQ FkhA
(iii) f}lnukRed i¼fr& fo'o osQ vfèkdrj lafoèkkuksa esa f}lnukRed (bicameral) çFkk dks viuk;k x;k gSA
;g i¼fr Hkh fczfV'k lafoèkku dh gh nsu gSA leku fgrksa osQ dkj.k ,d vksj mPp dksfV osQ lkeUr vkSj iknjh rFkk
nwljh vksj fuEudksfV osQ lkeUr vkSj ikStu ,d lkFk fey x;sA nksuksa lewgksa dh vyx&vyx cSBd gksus yxhA çFke
oxZ osQ yksxksa dh lHkk dk uke ykMZ lHkk (House of Lords) rFkk nwljs oxZ osQ yksxksa dh lHkk dk uke yksd&lHkk
(House of Commons) iM+kA bl çdkj] f}lnuh; laln dk çknqHkkZo gqvk vkSj lkS o"kks± osQ varxZr gh ;g i¼fr
fczfV'k 'kklu&O;oLFkk dk vfHkUu vax cu x;hA
(iv) laln dh 'kfDr& laln lEcUèkh lcls egÙoiw.kZ fodkl mldh 'kfÙkQ FkhA èkhjs&èkhjs ;g çFkk cu x;h fd
u;s djksa dks yxkus osQ fy, laln dh Lohd`fr yh tk;A vUrr% ;g fu;e cu x;k fd çfrfufèk;ksa dh Lohd`fr
osQ fcuk dksbZ dj ugha yxk;k tk ldrk&¶fcuk çfrfufèkRo osQ dj ughaA¸ 1407 bZ- esa bl fl¼kar us ,d u;k
:i fy;k] bl çdkj vkfFkZd vkjaHk.k dk vfèkdkj turk osQ çfrfufèk;ksa osQ gkFk esa vk x;kA vkfFkZd vfèkdkj
osQ lkFk&lkFk dkuwu&fuekZ.k dk vfèkdkj Hkh laln osQ gkFkksa esa vkus yxkA bl fodkl osQ ifj.kkeLo:i] vkWx
osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶,d le; dk fouhr vkosnd lnk osQ fy, foèkk;d cu x;kA¸

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