Page 116 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ6% lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkèkkj vkSj lafoèkku osQ eq[; y{k.k

laoSèkkfud }U} vkSj iqufuZekZ.k uksV
(i) V~;wMj dky vkSj fujadq'kokn& iægoha lnh osQ vUr rd laln 'kfÙkQ'kkyh gks x;h Fkh vkSj jktk detksjA
vkèkqfud lafoèkku dh fofHk laLFkkvksa dh uhao iM+ pqdh FkhA vkusokyk fnu muosQ fodkl vkSj iquxZBu dk
bfrgkl gSA V~;wMj jktkvksa us euekus <ax ls ns'k dk 'kklu fd;k iw.kZ fujadq'k jkT; dh LFkkiuk gks x;hA dq'ky
'kklu vkSj jktLo ij vfèkdkj osQ dkj.k jktk osQ gkFk esa lkjk 'kklu&lw=k pyk vk;kA fiQj Hkh] laln dh 'kfDr
vkSj çfr"Bk c<+rh x;hA
(ii) LVqvVZ dky vkSj Økafr;k¡& 1603 bZñ esa tsEl çFke] ftls ^lcls cqf¼eku csodwiQ* (wisest fool) dgk x;k
gSa] jktxíh ij cSBkA og jktkvks osQ ^nSoh vfèkdkj* (Divine Rights of the Kings) osQ fl¼kar esa fo'okl djrk
FkkA bl fl¼kar osQ vuqlkj jktk i`Foh ij bZ'oj dk ,d nwr Fkk ftls vlhfer vkSj fujadq'k 'kfÙkQ çkIr FkhA bl
çdkj] tsEl us ,sls fl¼kar dk leFkZu fd;k tks lfn;ksa iqjkuh fczfV'k laoSèkkfud fopkjèkkjk osQ foijhr Fkk] ysfdu
vlarks"k dh vkx mlosQ le; esa u HkM+d ldhA bl vkx dh yiVksa dk lkeuk mlosQ iq=k pkYlZ çFke dks djuk
iM+kA pkYlZ us llan~ dks Hkax fd;k] tcnZLrh dj olwyh dj ^vfèkdkj osQ vkosnu&i=k* (Petition of Rights) dk
mYya?ku fd;kA iQyLo:i laln vkSj jktk esa vucu gqbZA vUrr% pkYlZ dks tku ls gkFk èkksuk iM+kA rnqijkar laln
us 1649 bZ- esa Økeosy osQ laj{k.k esa ^çtkra=k* (Republic of Commonwealth) dh LFkkiuk dh tks fliQZ X;kjg
o"kks± rd jgkA 1660 bZñ esa jktra=k dh iqu% LFkkiuk gqbZA pkYlZ f}rh; xíh ij cSBkA fiQj jktk vkSj laln dk
lEcUèk fcxM+us yxkA pkYlZ osQ 'kklu dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ ?kVuk 1679 bZ- dk gSfc;l dkWjil ,sDV (Harbeas
Corpus Act, 1679) FkkA pkYlZ osQ ckn tsEl f}rh; jktxíh ij vk;kA ppZ osQ dkj.k laln ls mldh yM+kbZ
fNM+ x;hA iQyLo:i] 1688 bZñ esa ^xkSjoiw.kZ Økafr* (Glorious Revolution) gqbZ vkSj LVqvVZ ;qx dk var gks
x;kA
(iii) laln dh loksZPprk] vfèkdkj&i=k vkSj O;oLFkk&i=k vfèkfu;e& jktk dh 'kfÙkQ dks lhfer djus osQ
mís'; ls laln us 1686 bZ- esa fo[;kr vfèkdkj&i=k (Bill of Rights) dks ikl fd;kA blosQ }kjk LVqvVZ dky esa
jktkvksa }kjk O;oâr xSj&dkuwuh vfèkdkjksa ij jksd yxk nh x;hA blesa fuEufyf[kr eq[; ckrsa Fkh& lezkV fdlh
fo'ks"k U;k;ky; vFkok vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk ugha dj ldrk_ 'kakfr&dky esa llan dh vuqefr osQ fcuk dgha LFkk;h
lsuk ugha j[kh tk ldrh_ turk dks lezkV osQ lkeus viuh f'kdk;rksa dks j[kus dk vfèkdkj gS_ laln osQ lnL;ksa
dks Hkk"k.k rFkk okn&fookn dh iw.kZ Lora=krk gS_ dksbZ dSFkksfyd ;k dSFkksfyd ls fookfgr O;fDr lezkV ugha cu
ldrkA bl i=k dk fo'ks"k laoSèkkfud egÙo gS] D;ksafd blus ^xkSjoiw.kZ Økafr* rFkk lrjgoha 'krkCnh osQ mnkj
vkUnksyu osQ ifj.kkeksa dk laxzg dj mUgsa laoSèkkfud :i fn;kA blosQ lkFk gh laln vkSj jktk dk >xM+k lekIr
gks x;kA laln dh loksZPprk lnk osQ fy, LFkkfir gks x;h_ jktk mlosQ fu;a=k.k esa vk x;kA blh rF; dh iqf"V
O;oLFkk&i=k vfèkfu;e] 1701 (Act of Settlement) }kjk gqbZA ,uh osQ ckn mÙkjkfèkdkj guksoj (hanover) ?kjkus
dks ns fn;k x;kA iQyr% jktk laln }kjk fu;qDr gks x;kA Hkfo"; esa laln dh loksZPprk dks fdlh us yydkjus dk
lkgl ugha fd;kA ;g fpj lR; gks x;kA

1485 bZ- esa V~;wMj (Tudor) oa'k dk jkt izkjaHk gqvkA

laoSèkkfud fodkl dk vfUre pj.k% 1689 osQ ckn

vfèkdkj&i=k (1689 bZ-) rd fczfV'k laoSèkkfud bfrgkl osQ fodkl osQ chtkjksi.k dk ;qx FkkA ml le; rd
lafoèkku osQ ekSfyd rÙoksa dh uhao iM+ pqdh FkhA blh uhao ij lafoèkku dk fo'kky Hkou [kM+k gqvkA 1689 bZ- osQ
ckn dk ;qx blh Hkou&fuekZ.k dh dgkuh gSA

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