Page 119 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV jk"Vªksa dh la[;k rsjg gks x;h igys dk¡xzsl dh rjg blesa vçR;{k :i ls fuokZfpr turk osQ gh çfrfufèk FksA bl
dk¡xzsl dk fo'ks"k egÙo blfy, gS fd ekpZ 1781 bZ- rd ;g ^la;qÙkQ mifuos'kksa dh ljdkj osQ vkfèkdkfjd vax*
(Official Organ) osQ :i esa dk;Z djrh jghA bl çdkj ;g vesfjdk dh çFke jk"Vªh; ljdkj FkhA
bl jk"Vª dks vkSipkfjd :i ls tUe nsus vkSj dk¡xzsl dks vfèkdkj&lEiUu cukus osQ fy, twu] 1776 bZ- esa r`rh;
egk}hih; dk¡xzsl (Third Continental Congress) dh cSBd gqbZA VkWel tSiQlZu osQ usr`Ro esa LorU=krk dk
?kks"k.kk&i=k çLrqr djus osQ fy, ,d ik¡p&lnL;h lfefr fu;qÙkQ dh x;hA tSiQlZu }kjk çLrqr Lora=krk ?kks"k.kk&i=k
(Declaration of Independence) dks 4 tqykbZ] 1776 dks egk}hih; dk¡xzsl us Lohdkj dj fy;kA ml le; ls

mÙkQ frfFk dks vesfjdk dk jk"Vªh; fnol eku fy;k x;k gSA ;g ?kks"k.kk&i=k Lora=k ljdkj osQ leFkZu esa fy[kk
x;k Fkk vkSj thou] Lora=krk ,oa lekurk osQ ekuoh; vfèkdkjksa dks mtkxj djrk FkkA
;g ?kks"k.kk&i=k ykWd osQ fopkjksa ls dkiQh çHkkfor FkkA blus baXySaM osQ fujadq'k 'kklu osQ fo:¼ mifuos'kksa osQ ;q¼
dks U;k;ksfpr Bgjk;k vkSj lhfer rFkk LosPNkuqlkj laxfBr ljdkj (government by the consent of people)
osQ fl¼karks dks çfrikfnr fd;kA blus ekuo&LorU=krk osQ mu uohu fl¼karks dh uhao Mkyh tks vkxs pydj leLr
fo'o osQ fy, çsj.kk&'kfDr fl¼ gq,A bl ?kks"k.kk dk vkèkkj dksbZ fof'k"V f'kdk;rsa ugha cfYd ekuo&LorU=krk
osQ dfri; ewy rÙo FksA

xzsV fczVsu vkSj vejhdh mifuos'kksa esa N% o"kks± rd ;q¼ pykA fczfV'k ljdkj us mifuos'kksa }kjk foæksg dks dqpyus
dk ç;Ru fd;k] ysfdu vliQy jghA vUr esa] 19 vDVwcj] 1781 dks fczfV'k lsukifr dkuZokfyl dh ijkt; gqbZ
vkSj mifuos'kksa dh thrA fczfV'k yksdlHkk us ;q¼ lekIr djus osQ fy, ernku fd;k vkSj ykWMZ ukWFkZ dh ljdkj
us viuk R;kx&i=k ns fn;kA lezkV~ tkWtZ r`rh; us u;h ljdkj laxfBr dh ftlus vesfjdk dh Lora=krk dks ekU;rk
ns nhA 1783 bZ- esa fczVsu vkSj vesfjdk osQ chp lfUèk lEiUu gks x;hA
jkT;e.My (Confederation)— jkT;e.My dh fLFkfr vejhdh lafoèkku osQ fodkl esa ,d çeq[k dne FkkA
;|fi 1 ekpZ] 1781 esa ;g ;kstuk liQy gqbZ] fdUrq blosQ iwoZ Hkh blosQ fy, dbZ ckj ç;kl fd;s x;s FksA

jkT;eaMy dh LFkkiuk& bl çdkj] jkT;e.My lEcUèkh vusd ;kstuk,¡ fliQZ dkYifud cuh jghaa egk}hih;
dk¡xszl osQ dk;Z dk Hkh dksbZ dkuwuh vkèkkj ugha FkkA og osQoy vYidkyhu çcUèk FkkA vr% dk¡xzsl dh ,d lfefr
dks jkT;e.My dk çk:i rS;kj djus dk Hkkj lkSaik x;kA 17 uoEcj] 1777 bZ- esa dk¡xzsl us çk:i dks viuk;kA
fiQj mls fofHkUu jkT;ksa osQ ikl vuqleFkZu osQ fy, Hkstk x;k vkSj muosQ }kjk vuqlefFkZr gksus ij 1 ekpZ] 1781
bZ- ls mls çHkkoh ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA jkT;e.My osQ vuqPNsn (Articles of Confederation) gh la;qÙkQ&jkT; vesfjdk
dk çFke lafoèkku FkkA
jkT;eaMy dh çd`frμ jkT;e.My 13 mifuos'kksa dk ,d LFkk;h la?k FkkA ,d rjiQ jkT;ksa us lHkh jkT;ksa dh lqj{kk]
LorU=krkvksa dh j{kk vkSj ikLifjd lkekU; fgr osQ mís';ksa ls vkil esa laxBu LFkkfir fd;k vkSj nwljh vksj viuh
lkoZHkkSfedrk] LorU=krk vkSj mu {ks=kksa rFkk vfèkdkjksa] tks la;qÙkQ jkT; dks ugha fn;k x;k Fkk] dks cpk;s j[kkA
'kklu&;a=k dk çèkku fxurh esa de Fks] dk¡xsl gh ljdkj dk ,dek=k vax FkhA dk;Zikfydk dh Hkh O;oLFkk ugha
FkhA ysfdu dk¡xszl deZpkfj;ksa dh fu;qfÙkQ dj ldrh Fkh] i`Fkd~ U;k;ikfydk Hkh ugha FkhA dk¡xzsl ,d lalnh; laLFkk
FkhA blesa vUrfuZfgr 'kfÙkQ ugha Fkh] cfYd bldh 'kfÙkQ;k¡ çnÙk FkhaA bls ;q¼ ?kksf"kr djus] lfUèk djus] oSnsf'kd

uhfr dk lapkyu djus] jkT;ksa osQ vuqikr esa dj vkSj lsok ysus] jkT;ksa osQ ikjLifjd >xM+ksa dk iQSlyk djus vkSj
ç'kklu osQ vfèkdkfj;ksa dh fu;qfÙkQ djus dk vfèkdkj FkkA la?k&'kklu osQ cnys jkT;ksa dk Hkh viuk dqN dÙkZO;
Fkk] tSlsμdk¡xzsl dh vkKk dks ekuuk] nwljs jkT; osQ ukxfjdksa dks iw.kZ vfèkdkj nsuk] dk¡xzsl }kjk vkilh >xM+ksa
dk fucVkjk djokuk vkfnA

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