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bdkbZμ6% lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkèkkj vkSj lafoèkku osQ eq[; y{k.k

okn&fookn osQ i'pkr~ 7 vDrwcj] 1946 dks çfrfufèk lHkk us çk;% loZlEefr ls u;s lafoèkku dks viuh Lohd`fr uksV
çnku dj nhA osQoy lkE;oknh lnL;ksa us bldk fojksèk fd;kA 3 uoEcj] 1946 dks ,d lkezkth; vkKkfIr osQ }kjk
bl lafoèkku dks mn~?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA çèkkuea=kh ;ksf'knk f'kxs# (Yoshide Shigeru) }kjk lezkV fgjksghrks dh
mifLFkfr esa bls 3 ebZ] 1947 bZ- dks bls ykxw fd;k x;kA bls lezkV fgjksfgrksa dh e`R;q osQ dkj.k 'kksok lafoèkku
(Showa constitution) Hkh dgrs gSaA tkiku dh orZeku 'kklu&O;oLFkk blh lafoèkku osQ }kjk lapkfyr gks jgh gSA
phuh x.kjkT; osQ lafoèkku dk fodkl (Development of Chinese Republicon
constitution)

,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe&phuh lkE;okfn;ksa dk dguk gS fd mudk lafoèkku bfrgkl ls ?kfu"B :i ls lacaafèkr gS_
og ,sfrgkfld vuqHko ij vkèkkfjr gSA yhÅ 'kkvks&ph us dgk Fkk fd phu dk orZeku lafoèkku ¶phuh turk
osQ ,d 'krkCnh ls vfèkd Økafrdkjh la?k"kZ rFkk vkèkqfuddkyhu phuh lafoèkkuokn osQ ,sfrgkfld vuqHko dk
fu"d"kZ gSA¸
phuh x.kjkT; osQ lafoèkku dh ,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe dks fuEufyf[kr Hkkxksa esa ckVk tk ldrk gS&

1- orZeku dky esa lafoèkku dk fodkl (Development of constitution in modern times) μ 1984 bZ-
ls 1949 bZ- rdA
2- vLFkk;h lafoèkku (Provisional Constitution) μ 1949 bZ- ls 1954 bZ- rdA
3- 1954 bZ- dk lafoèkkuA
4- 1975 bZ- dk lafoèkkuA

5- 1978 bZ- dk lafoèkkuA
6- oÙkZeku lafoèkku (1982 bZñ)
lafoèkku dk fodkl (Development of Constitution): vkèkqfud phu osQ lafoèkku dk fodkl 1894 bZ- esa
tkiku }kjk mldh ijkt; osQ mijkar 'kq: gksrk gS bl fn'kk esa lqèkkj vkUnksyu (Reform Movement) igyk
mYys[kuh; dne gSA dkax ;w&ch osQ usr`Ro esa lqèkkjokfn;ksa us vkanksyu pyk;k ftldk mís'; ,sls lafoèkku dh LFkkiuk
djus dh Fkh ftldk vkèkkj iwathokn rFkk lkearokn gksA ewyr% ;g vkUnksyu çxfroknh FkkA 1898 bZ- rd bls dqpy
fn;k x;kA lqèkkjokfn;ksa osQ lkFk&lkFk phu esa ,d Økafrdkjh xqV dk mn; gqvkA bldk usrk MkW- lu;kr lsu FkkA
Økafrdkjh xqV ,d cqtqZvk çtkrkaf=kd x.kjkT; (Bourgeois Democratic Republic) dh LFkkiuk djuk pkgrk FkkA

Økafrdkfj;ksa dh c<+rh 'kfÙkQ dks ns[kdj eapw 'kklu us lafoèkku&fuekZ.k dh ?kks"k.kk dh rFkk lafoèkku osQ fl¼karksa
dk mYys[k fd;kA bu laoSèkkfud fl¼karksa dk mís'; fujadq'k lkearoknh 'kklu dks n`<+ cukuk rFkk turk dks èkks[kk
nsuk FkkA Økafrdkfj;ksa us eapw lafoèkkuokn dks èkks[ks dh VV~Vh dgdj fojksèk fd;k] ysfdu lqèkkjokfn;ksa us mldk
leFkZu fd;kA

1911 bZ- esa eapw oa'k dk vUr gks x;kA lfn;ksa iqjkus lkeUroknh jktrU=k osQ LFkku ij phuh x.krU=k dh uhao iM+hA
MkW- lu;kr lsu osQ usr`Ro esa ^vLFkk;h lafoèkku (Provisional Constitution) dh uhao iM+hA ;g çxfroknh ij
cqtqZvk x.kjkT; FkkA 1919 bZ- dh Økafr us phu esa çtkrkfU=kd x.kjkT; dk cht cks;kA
çfrfØ;kokfn;ksa osQ lkeus x.kjkT; u fVd ldkA ;w vku&'kh&dkbZ rFkk ih;kax ;q¼ lkeUrksa osQ vèkhu ¶phuh
x.kjkT;¸ fliQZ uke osQ fy, jg x;kA vfUre ;q¼ esa lkeUrksa us 1923 bZ- esa fn[kkos osQ fy, ,d lafoèkku dh ?kks"k.kk
dhA ysfdu Økafrdkfj;ksa us bldk fojksèk fd;kA
bl chp lkE;oknh ny dk mn; gqvkA MkWñ lu;kr lsu osQ usr`Ro esa gh mlus lkezkT;okn rFkk lkearokn osQ fo:¼
la?k"kZ 'kq: fd;kA ysfdu] MkWñ lsu dh e`R;q osQ ckn P;kax&dkbZ&'ksd lkE;okfn;ksa dk neu djus yxkA iQyr% ns'k

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