Page 127 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV prqFkZ x.krU=k (The Fourth Republic)μ prqFkZ x.krU=k }kjk dksbZ fo'ks"k Økafrdkjh ifjorZu ugha gq,A blosQ
}kjk Úkal dh iqjkuh 'kklu&ç.kkyh esa u rks ewyHkwr ifjorZu fd;k x;k vkSu u Hkwrdky ls iw.kZ lEcUèk
foPNsn ghA 'kklu osQ cká vkoj.k esa dqN ifjorZu vo'; gq,] ijUrq ewy:i ls ughaA ;g lafoèkku Hkh
jktuhfrd n'kZu fo'ks"k dk ugha vfirq fofHkUu fojksèkh jktuhfrd erkoyfEc;ksa osQ le>kSrs dk ifj.kke Fkk
vkSj ¶bl le>kSrs dks rdZ us ugha ifjfLFkfr;k¡ us fufgr dh FkhA¸

prqFkZ x.krU=k dk lafoèkku 12 o"kks± rd çorZu esa jgkμ1946 bZñ ls 1958 bZñ rdA bl lafoèkku dk fuèku vkdfLed
ugha FkkA blesa vusd ekSfyd nqcZyrk,¡ Fkha rFkk ifjfLFkfr;k¡ Hkh çfrdwy gh jghaA ;g lafoèkku ijLij&fojksèkh rÙoksa
dk ,d le>kSrk Fkk vkSj bl le>kSrs ij fdlh rdZ dk ugha oju~ rRdkyhu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk çHkko iM+k FkkA
dkykUrj esa ;s fojksèkh rÙo vkSj vfèkd çcy gks x;sA gcZVZ Y;wFkh osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶ftl fnu ls prqFkZ x.krU=k dk
tUe gqvk mlh fnu ls mlosQ 'ko ls nqxZUèk fudyus yxh Fkh vkSj ;g lqUnj e`R;q ls ejus esa Hkh leFkZ ugha gks ldkA¸
lp iwNk tk; rks prqFkZ x.krU=k osQ :i esa r`rh; x.krU=k dh O;oLFkk Øe'k% thfor gks x;h FkhA MsfoM FkkEilu
osQ vuqlkj] ¶lafoèkku osQ ykxw gksus osQ dqN gh fnu ckn ,slk çrhr gksus yxk fd ;g vius iwoZorhZ lafoèkku ls
fHkUu ugha FkkA r`rh; x.krU=k dh O;oLFkk iw.kZr% vKkr yksd ls èkhjs&èkhjs mrj dj Úkal esa Nk x;h vkSj ,slk vuqHko
gksus yxk fd prqFkZ x.krU=k dk vUr gks pqdk gS vkSj r`rh; x.krU=k iqu% vorfjr gqvkA¸

iape x.kra=k dk fuekZ.kμ oSèkkfud micUèkksa dh nqcZyrkvksa osQ vfrfjDr prqFkZ x.krU=k osQ vUr dk rkRdkfyd
dkj.k Úkal dh vkSifuosf'kd leL;k FkhA prqFkZ x.krU=k osQ thou&dky esa Úkal osQ mifuos'k mldh tfVy leL;k
cus jgsA ebZ] 1958 esa bl leL;k us fodjky :i èkkj.k dj fy;kA vYthfj;k esa Úkalhlh lSfudksa us Úkalhlh ljdkj
dh vYthfj;k osQ çfr <qy&eqy uhfr osQ fo:¼ foæksg dj fn;k vkSj n xkWy (De Gaulee) osQ gkFkksa esa ns'k osQ
'kklu dh ckxMksj lkSaius dh ek¡x dhA blh chp dksflZdk osQ lSfudksa us Hkh foæksg dj fn;k vkSj n xkWy dk i{k
fy;kA vr% foo'k gksdj n xkWy dks Úkal dk çèkkuea=kh fu;qÙkQ djuk iM+k vkSj 6 eghus rd osQ fy, 'kklu dh
leLr 'kfÙkQ mlosQ gkFkksa esa lkSai nh x;hA n xkWy ij u;s lafoèkku osQ fuekZ.k dk Hkkj lkSaik x;kA rhu eghus osQ
vUnj u;s lafoèkku dk çk:i çLrqr fd;k x;kA flrEcj] 1958 esa ml ij yksder&laxzg (Referendum) gqvkA
lafoèkku cgqer }kjk Lohd`r gks x;kA bl lafoèkku us ik¡pos x.krU=k dks tUe fn;kA 5 vDVwcj] 1958 dks iape
x.krU=k dk lafoèkku çofrZr gqvkA
jf'k;k dh laoSèkkfud O;oLFkk (Constitutional System of Russia)

fnlacj 1993 osQ lafoèkku osQ varxZr :l esa la?kh; x.kjkT; (Federal Republic) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA vr% bl
ns'k dk vfèkdkfjd uke :lh la?k (Russian Federation) gSA bl la?k esa 21 x.kjkT; (Republics)] 49
ç'kklfud vapy (Administrative Regions)] 6 çkar (Provinces)] 10 Lok;Ùk tuin (Autonomous
Districts) vkSj nks la?kh; uxj (Federal Cities) μ ekLdks rFkk lsaV ihV~lZcxZ lfEefyr gSA bl rjg :lh la?k
dqy feykdj 89 ç'kklfud bdkb;ksa (Administrative Units) ls cuk gSA
'kklu&ç.kkyh osQ Lrj ij ;gka vè;{kh; ç.kkyh (Presidential System) vkSj lalnh; ç.kkyh (Parliamentary

System) dk feJ.k rS;kj djus dk ç;Ru fd;k x;k gSA vè;{k ç.kkyh dh rjg ;gka ,d 'kfDr'kkyh jk"Vªifr
(President) dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS] vkSj lalnh; ç.kkyh dh rjg ;gka ,d 'kfDr'kkyh laln (Parliament) dh
O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS ftls la?kh; lHkk (Federal Assembly) dgk tkrk gSA jk"Vªifr jkT; dk vè;{k (Head of

State) tks lhèks tulkèkkj.k osQ }kjk pkj o"kZ osQ fy, pquk tkrk gS_ mls yxkrkj nks ckj ls vkxs ugha pquk tk ldrkA
;g lafoèkku dk laj{kd gS] vkSj l'kL=k lsukvksa dk loksZPp lsukifr (Supreme Commander of the armed
Forces) Hkh gSA og çèkku&ea=kh (Prime Minister) rFkk eaf=k&ifj"kn (Council of Minsiters) vFkok eaf=keaMy
(Cabinet) dh fu;qfDr osQ fy, laln (Parliament) dk vuqeksnu t:jh gksrk gSA jk"Vªifr ,d varjax eaf=keaMy

122 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY