Page 132 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ6% lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkèkkj vkSj lafoèkku osQ eq[; y{k.k

lafoèkku vfuok;Zr% mruk gh cnyk gS ftruk fd jk"Vª cnyk gS vkSj tgk¡ rd yksxksa osQ fopkj bl lafoèkku osQ uksV
ckjs esa cnys gSa ogha rd bl lafoèkku dh vkRek ,oa vFkZ esa ifjorZu gqvk gSA¸
lafoèkku osQ fodkl osQ lkèku
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk osQ lafoèkku dk fodkl fofHk jhfr;ksa ls gqvk gS ftuesa fuEufyf[kr çeq[k gS%&

(d) lafofèk }kjk fodkl (Development by Statuts) A
([k) ç'kkldh; fu.kZ;ksa }kjk fodkl (Development by Administrative Decision) A

(x) U;kf;d O;k[;kvksa }kjk fodkl (Development by Judicial Interpretations) A
(?k) jktuhfrd vkSj ukxfjd O;k[;kvksa }kjk fodkl (Development by Interpretation by Politicians
and Citizens) A
(M+) çFkkvksa vksj ijEijkvksa }kjk fodkl (Development by Usages and Conventions)A
(p) la'kksèku }kjk fodkl (Development Amendment)A

(d) lafofèk (Statute) :- lafoèkku&fuekZrk bl rjg ls voxr Fks fd Hkfo"; dks Hkwr dh dM+h esa ck¡èkk tk ldrk
gSA vr% mUgksaus osQoy 'kklu dk <k¡pk rS;kj fd;k vkSj vkèkkjHkwr fl¼karksa dk çfriknu fd;kA 'kklu&lEcUèkh foLrkj
dh ckrksa dks iwjk djus dk Hkkj mUgksaus Hkkoh tu&çfrfufèk;ksa ij NksM+ fn;kA mldk fopkj Fkk fd dkaxzsl lafoèkku dh
U;wurkvksa rFkk dfe;ksa dks iwjk djsxh vkSj 'kklu dk iw.kZ <k¡pk rS;kj djsxhA dk¡xzsl us bl dk;Z dks liQyrkiwoZd fd;kA
mnkgj.kkFkZ % (i) la'kksèku esa osQoy loksZPp U;k;ky; dh LFkkiuk dk mYys[k gS vkSj mudh jpuk rFkk vèkhuLFk
U;k;ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk vkSj laxBu dk Hkkj dk¡xzsl ij NksM+ fn;k gSA dk¡xzsl us 1789 bZñ esa U;k;ikfydk vfèkfu;e
(Judiciary Act of 1789) osQ }kjk U;k;&O;oLFkk dh uhao MkyhA
(ii) la?kh; foèkkf;dk osQ ckjs esa lafoèkku fliQZ dk¡xzsl osQ nks dFkuksa dh ppkZ djrk gS] ijUrq lnL;ksa dh fuokZpu&fofèk]
fuokZpu dk le;] LFkku vkfn dks ckn esa fofèk;ksa }kjk fuf'pr fd;k x;k gSA
([k) ç'kkldh; fu.kZ; %& foèkkf;dk dh rjg dk;Zikfydk dk Hkh vejhdh lafoèkku osQ fodkl esa i;kZIr gkFk
jgk gSA jk"Vªifr;ksa dh jktkKkvksa] vkKkvksa rFkk vU; dk;Zokfg;ksa us lafoèkku esa o`f¼ dh gSA tSDlu] fyadu]
:tosYV vkfn jk"Vªifr;ksa dk lafoèkku ij Li"V Nki gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] lafoèkku esa eaf=keaMy dh O;oLFkk ugha gS]
ysfdu jk"Vªifr okf'kaxVu us eaf=keaMy }kjk ijke'kZ rFkk 'kklu&lapkyu dh rFkk çkjEHk dh tks vc lafoèkku dk
vfHkUu vax cu x;k gSA bl çdkj ;|fi ;q¼&?kks"k.kk dk vfèkdkj dk¡xzsl dks gS] ysfdu jk"Vªifr us bls vçR;{k
rjhosQ ls vius gkFk esa fy;k gSA

(x) U;kf;d O;k[;k,¡ %& laoSèkkfud o`f¼ dh vfèkdre egÙoiw.kZ lkèkuk U;kf;d fuokZpu gSA dk¡xzsl ;k jkT;
foèkkf;dk,¡ dksbZ fofèk cukrh gSa] jk"Vªirh; ;k jkfT;d ç'kklu vfèkdkjh dksbZ dk;Z djrs gSaA mu fofèk;ksa vkSj dk;ks±
vkfn dks ;fn dksbZ voSèkkfud le>rk gS rks U;k;ky; osQ le{k mUgsa mudh oSèkkfudrk osQ ijh{k.k osQ fy, is'k
djrk gSA U;k;ky; fu.kZ; nsrs le; lafoèkku ls lacafèkr èkkjk dk vFkZ yxkrs gSa tks mUgsa lafoèkku dks iwoZ ls i;kZIr
fHk vFkZ nsus dk lqvolj çnku djrk gSA bl çdkj lafoèkku dks u;h fn'kk feyrh gSA fdlh okD;ka'k dk foospu
djrs le; U;k;ky; mUgsa u;k {ks=k rFkk fo"k; çnku djrs gSaA ;g çfØ;k fujarj pyrh jgrh gS vkSj ¶fodkl dh
fn'kk ,d fu.kZ; osQ ckn nwljs fu.kZ; }kjk fuèkkZfjr gksrh jgrh gS tcrd fd vfUre fu.kZ; osQ cgqr nwj vFkZ ugha
yxk nsA¸ mnkgj.kkFkZ] loksZPp U;k;ky; us fufgr 'kfÙkQ osQ fl¼kar (Implied Power) lgt 'kfÙkQ osQ fl¼kar çFkk
vU; fu.kZ;ksa osQ }kjk 'kklu dk ekxZ gh cny fn;k gSA vkWx vkSj js osQ er esa U;k;ky; ¶fujarj vfèkos'ku esa
jgusokyk laoSèkkfud lEesyu¸ (A King of Continuous Constitutional Convention) gS tks lafoèkku ogh gS
ftls U;k;kèkh'k dgs fd ;g lafoèkku gSA¸ equjks osQ 'kCnksa esa ¶çR;sd lkseokj dks loksZPp U;k;ky; osQ fu.kZ; dh
?kks"k.kk osQ lkFk lafoèkku esa ifjorZu gksrk jgrk gSA¸

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