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rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj
uksV izfrfufèk lHkk osQ lnL;ksa dks dqN fo'ks"kkfèkdkj (Privileges) izkIr gSaA mugsa lnu esa cksyus dh iw.kZ Lora=krk gSA
ogka dh xbZ fdlh Hkh ckr osQ fy, mu ij dksbZ dkuwuh dkjZokbZ ugha dh tk ldrhA vfèkos'ku osQ nkSjku mUgs nhokuh
ekeyksa (Civil Suits) esa canh ugha cuk;k tk ldrkA
izfrfufèk lHkk vius vè;{k ;k lHkkè;{k (Speaker) dk pquko Loa; djrh gSA mls nyxr vkèkkj ij pquk tkrk
gS] vkSj lHkkè;{k cu tkus ij og vius ny dk lnL; cuk jgrk gSA
lhusV (Senate): la;qDr jkT; vejhdk osQ izR;sd jkT; dks lhusV esa vius nks&nks izfrfufèk Hkstus dk vfèkdkj
gS] pkgs HkkSxksfyd ;k tula[;k dh n`f"V ls dksbZ jkT; fdruk Hkh NksVk ;k cM+k D;ksa u gks ! pwafd ogka jkT;ksa
dh orZeku la[;k 50 gS] blfy, lhusV esa 100 lnL; gksrs gSaA 'kq:&'qk: esa jkT;kas osQ foèkkueaMy vius&vius
jkT; dk izfrfufèkRo djus osQ fy, lhusV&lnL;ksa dk pquko djrs FksA ijarq 1913 ls jkT;ksa dh turk budk izR;{k
pquko djrh gSA
izR;sd lhusV&lnL; Ng o"kZ osQ fy, pquk tkrk gSA nks&nks o"kZ ckn lhusV osQ ,d&frgkbZ lnL; lsok&fuo`Ùk gks tkrs
gSaA bl rjg iwjh lhusV dHkh Hkax ugha gksrhA ;g ,d LFkk;h lnu cuh jgrh gSA
la;qDr jkT; vejhdk dk mijk"Vªifr (Vice President) lhusV dk lHkkifr (Chairman) gksrk gSA vejhdk
osQ jk"Vªifr dh rjg mijk"Vªifr dk pquko Hkh tulkèkkj.k osQ }kjk&fuokZpd&xq.k osQ ekè;e ls] pkj o"kZ dh fu;r
vofèk osQ fy, gksrk gSA lhusV esa mijk"Vªifr fu"i{k :i ls dk;Z djrk gSA og ernku (Voting) esa osQoy rHkh
fgLlk ysrk gSA tc fdlh ekeys osQ i{k vkSj foi{k esa cjkcj er gks tkus osQ dkj.k iQSlyk u gks ik jgk gksA
,sls gky esa og vius fu.kkZ;d er (Casting Vote) dk iz;ksx djrk gSA
dkaxzsl dh 'kfDr;ka vkSj d`R; (Powers and Functions of the Congress): fofèk&fuekZ.k vkSj lafoèkku&la'kksèku
(Legislation and Constitutional Amendment) vejhdk eas la?kh; iz.kkyh vkSj fyf[kr lafoèkku viuk;k x;k
gSA blosQ varxZr fofèk&fuekZ.k osQ fo"k;ksa dh nks lwfp;ka (Lists) cukbZ xbZ gSa% la?kh; fo"k; (Federal Subject) vkSj
jkT; fo"k; (State Subjects) tks fo"k; buesa ls fdlh lwph osQ fopkj{ks=k esa ugha vkrs] mUgsa vof'k"V fo"k;
(Residual Subjects) dgk tkrk gSA bu fo"k;ksa ij dkuwu cukus dh 'kfDr;ka jkT;ksa osQ ikl jgrh gSaA bl n`f"V ls
vejhdh la?k&O;oLFkk Hkkjrh; la?k O;oLFkk ls fHkUu gS] D;kafd Hkkjr esa vof'k"V fo"k; la?k ljdkj osQ
vfèkdkj&{ks=k esa vkrs gSaA nwljs] Hkkjr esa ,d leorhZ lwph (Concurrent List) dh O;oLFkk Hkh dh xbZ gS] ijarq
vejhdk esa ,slh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha dh xbZ gSA vejhdh dkaxzsl dks osQoy la?kh; fo"k;ksa ij dkuwu cukus dk iwjk
vfèkdkj gSA
fufgr 'kfDr;ksa osQ fl¼kar (Doctrine of Implied Powers) osQ varxZr dkaxzsl rFkk jk"Vªifr us dbZ ,slh 'kfDr;ka
izkIr dj yh gSa tks Lo;a lafoèkku osQ varxZr mUgsa O;fDrxr :i ls ugha lkSaih xbZ FkhA mnkgj.k osQ fy, lafoèkku
varxZr dkaxzsl dks eqæk Nkius] dj yxkus] ½.k ysus vkSj [kpZ djus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;k gSA blosQ vkèkkj ij
mls ,d ^fufgr 'kfDr* osQ :i esa ^jk"Vªh; cSad* (National bank) dh LFkkiuk dk vfèkdkj fey x;k gSA la;qDr
jkT; vejhdk dk loksZPp U;k;ky; 'kklu osQ fofHkUu vaxksa dh ^fufgr 'kfDr;ksa* dks ekU;rk nsrk gSA vkSj ogh budh
lhek,a Hkh fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA
foÙk foèks;d (Finance Bill) osQoy izfrfufèk lHkk ls gh 'kq: fd, tk ldrs gSaA ijarq muosQ fy, lhusV dk
vuqeksnu t:jh gksrk gSA bl n`f"V ls] foèkkueaMy osQ nwljs lnu osQ :i esa lhusV dh 'kfDr cstksM+ gSA ;gh dkj.k
gS fd vejhdh lhusV dks fo'o dk lcls 'kfDr'kkyh nwljk lnu (Most Powerful Second Chamber of
the World) dgk tkrk gSA
vU; foèks;d fdlh Hkh lnu ls vkjaHk fd, tk ldrs gSaA dksbZ Hkh foèks;d nksuksa lnuksa esa ikfjr gksus osQ ckn jk"Vªifr
dh lekuqefr (Presidential Assent) osQ fy, Hkstk tkrk gSA lkèkkj.kr% jk"Vªifr ml ij gLrk{kj djosQ nl
dk;Z&fnolksa osQ Hkhrj ykSVk nsrk gSA ;g lekuqefr fey tkus osQ ckn og dkuwu cu tkrk gSA
132 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
