Page 140 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ6% lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkèkkj vkSj lafoèkku osQ eq[; y{k.k

O;ogkjr% dkaxszl osQ pkyw vfèkos'ku (Current Session) osQ fy, iw.kZ dk;Zlwph (full Agenda) çLrqr dj nsrk gSA uksV
blesa og ;g O;Dr dj nsrk gS fd orZeku vfèkos'ku osQ nkSjku og foèkkueaMy ls D;k&D;k djus dh vk'kk vkSj
vis{kk djrk gS\ jk"Vªifr osQ bl ÑR; dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, mls la;qDr jkT; vejhdk dk eq[; foèkk;d (Chief

Legislator) dgk tkrk gSA jk"Vªifr osQ lans'k dks lkjs vejhdk esa Vsyhfotu ij ns[kk tkrk gS_ mls cgqr egÙo fn;k
tkrk gS_ ;g lkjh vejhdh turk vkSj iwjs fo'o osQ uke gksrk gSA yksder ij mldk tks çHkko iM+rk gS] mls è;ku
esa j[kdj gh dkaxzsl jk"Vªifr osQ çLrkoksa ij mi;qDr dkjZokbZ djrh gSA vfèkos'ku osQ nkSjku Hkh ;fn jk"Vªifr ;g vuqHko
djrk gS fd dkaxzsl dk n`f"Vdks.k mlosQ çLrkoksa osQ çfr vuqdwy ugha gS rks og fiQj] ftruh ckj pkgs] jk"Vª osQ uke
lans'k tkjh dj ldrk gSA
ijarq dksbZ jk"Vªifr vius çLrkoksa dks dkaxzsl osQ ekè;e ls dgka rd dk;kZfUor djk ik,xkμ ;g mlosQ vius O;fDrRo]
dkaxzsl esa mlosQ ny osQ cgqer vkSj yksder osQ leFkZu ij fuHkZj gSA vke rkSj ij jk"Vªifr osQ çLrkokssa esa ls vkèks ls
T;knk dk;kZfUor ugha gks ikrsA mlosQ ctV&çLrkoksa esa Hkh dkaxzsl dbZ rjg osQ ifjorZu ;k dVkSrh dj nsrh gSA

jk"Vªifr dh lekuqefr vkSj fu"ksèkkfèkdkj (Presidential Assent and Veto): dksbZ Hkh foèks;d dkaxzsl osQ nksuksa
lnuksa esa ikfjr gksus osQ ckn jk"Vªifr osQ ikl ^lekuqifr* osQ fy, Hkstk tkrk gSa ;fn jk"Vªifr ml foèks;d osQ
çLrqrhdj.k (Submission) osQ fnu ls dkaxzsl osQ nl dk;Z&fnol (Working Days) chr tkus ij Hkh ml ij dksbZ
vkifÙk ugha djrk rks mls jk"Vªifr dh ^ekSu lEefr* eku fy;k tkrk gS_ vr% og foèks;d dkuwu cu tkrk gSA
ijarq ;fn jk"Vªifr bl vofèk ls igys ml foèks;d ij viuh vkifÙk;ka O;Dr djosQ mls dkaxzsl osQ ikl okil
Hkst nsrk gS rks dkaxzsl osQ ikl nks fodYi jg tkrs gSa % (d) og jk"Vªifr osQ lq>koksa osQ vuqlkj foèks;d esa la'kksèku
dj ns] vkSj mls u, :i esa nqckjk ikfjr djosQ jk"Vªifr osQ ikl Hkst ns rkfd jk"Vªifr mldk vuqeksnu dj ns_
;k fiQj ([k) dkaxzsl osQ nksuksa lnu ml foèks;d dk ewy :i esa nks&frgkbZ cgqer ls nksckjk ikfjr dj nsa ftlls
jk"Vªifr dk fu"ksèkkfèkdkj fujLr gks tk,xkA ijarq bruk cgqer tqVkuk ljy ugha gksrkA bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd
jk"Vªifr fdlh foèks;d dks dqN le; osQ fy, fuyafcr (Suspend) dj ldrk gSA jk"Vªifr osQ bl vfèkdkj dks
fuycau&fu"ksèkkfèkdkj (Suspensory Veto) dgk tkrk gSA
;fn jk"Vªifr ,sls fdlh foèks;d ij gLrk{kj djus ls budkj dj ns] vkSj bl dk;Z&fnol iwjs gksus ls igys dkaxzsl
LFkfxr (Adjourn) gks tk, rks og foèks;d viuh ekSr ej tkrk gSA jk"Vªifr osQ bl vfèkdkj dks ^tsc esa Mkyus
dk fu"ksèkkfèkdkj* ;k ^vojksèku&fu"ksèkkfèkdkj* (Pocket Veto) dgk tkrk gSA ;fn dkaxzsl ml foèks;d ij iqufoZpkj
pkgrh gks rks mls u, vfèkos'ku esa u, fljs ls ikfjr djosQ jk"Vªifr osQ ikl Hkstuk iM+sxkA

dk;Zdkjh vkns'k (Executive Order) dkaxzsl jk"Vªifr vkSj mlosQ ç'kklfud foHkkxksa (Executive Agencies) dks
dk;Zdkjh vkns'k fudkyus dh vuqefr nsrh gSA ;s vkns'k dkuwu dh rjg ekU; vkSj çHkko'kkyh gksrs gSaA ;s vkns'k eq[;r%
rhu mís';ksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, tkjh fd, tkrs gSa % (d) lafoèkku ;k fdlh fo'ks"k dkuwu dh O;oLFkkvksa dks O;kogkfjd
s
:i nsus osQ fy, ([k) fons'kksa osQ lkFk dh xbZ lafèk;ksa dks ykxw dju osQ fy,_ vkSj (x) u, ç'kklfud foHkkx LFkkfir
djus osQ fy, ;k bu foHkkxksa osQ dk;Z esa dksbZ ifjorZu djus osQ fy,A mnkgj.k osQ fy,] fL=k;ksa vkSj v'osrksa osQ fy,
ldkjkRed dkjZokbZ (Affirmative Action) dh O;oLFkk osQ dk;kZUo;u] jk"Vªifr dk;kZy; osQ iquxZBu] vkikr fLFkfr
(Emergency) osQ nkSjku miHkksDrk oLrqvksa dh jk'ku&O;oLFkk (Rationing) rFkk dherksa vkSj etnwjh dh njksa osQ
fu;a=k.k] bR;kfn osQ ekeys esa dk;Zdkjh vkns'kksa dk foLr`r ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

lhusV dk vuqleFkZu (Senatorial Ratification): jk"Vªifr dh 'kfDr;ksa dks dkaxzsl osQ vadq'k esa j[kus osQ fy, ,d
O;oLFkk ;g dh xbZ gS fd jk"Vªifr mPpkfèkdkfj;ksa dh tks fu;qfDr djsxk] ;k fons'kksa osQ lkFk tks lafèk;ka djsxk] os rHkh
ekU; gksaxh tc lhusV dk lkèkkj.k cgqer (Simple Majority) izkIr gksrk gSA oSls fu;qfDr;ksa dh çfØ;k dks
^lhusV&lkStU;* (Sentorial courtesty) dh çFkk osQ varxZr dqN gn rd ljy cuk fn;k x;k gSA varjkZ"Vªh; lafèk;ksa
osQ vuqleFkZu osQ fy, lhusV esa mifLFkfr vkSj ernku esa Hkkx ysus okys lnL;ksa dk nks&frgkbZ cgqer t:jh gSA

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