Page 138 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ6% lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkèkkj vkSj lafoèkku osQ eq[; y{k.k

;fn jk"Vªifr vius fu"ksèkkfèkdkj (Veto) dk iz;ksx djosQ fdlh foèks;d dks viuh vkifÙk;ksa osQ lkFk lnu osQ uksV
ikl okil Hkst ns rks dkaxzsl osQ nksuksa lnu nks&frgkbZ cgqer ls mls nqckjk ikfjr djosQ bl fu"ksèkkfèkdkj dks fu"iQy
dj ldrs gSaA
dkaxzsl dks lafoèkku osQ la'kksèku dk iw.kZ vfèkdkj gS blosQ fy, izR;sd lnu dk nks&frgkbZ cgqer visf{kr gSA ijarq
dkaxzsl esa ikfjr gksus osQ ckn blosQ fy, de ls de rhu&pkSFkkbZ jkT;ksa osQ foèkkueaMyksa dk vuqleFkZu
(Ratification) t:jh gSA
loksZPp U;k;ky; lkèkkj.kr% dkuwu dks 'kfDr cká (Ultra Vires) Bgjkdj fujLr dj ldrk gS] vFkkZr~ og ;g
fu.kZ; ns ldrk gS fd ,slk dkuwu cukuk dkaxzsl dh 'kfDr osQ ckgj FkkA ijarq laoSèkkfud la'kksèku osQ ekeys esa loksZPp
U;k;ky; ,slk fu.kZ; ugha nsrkA

iz'kklfud 'kfDr;ka (Administrative Powers): vejhdh dkaxzsl fofHkUu iz'kklfud foHkkxksa osQ ckjs esa fooj.k
(Reports) e¡xk ldrh gSA ;g viuh tkap lfefr;ka (Inquiry Committees) fu;qDr djosQ iz'kklfud foHkkxksa
dh vkykspuk dj ldrh gSA

blosQ vykok] jk"Vªifr mPp inksa osQ fy, (tSls fd eaf=k;ksa] jktnwrksa] U;k;kèkh'kksa] egkU;k;okfn;ksa osQ in ij) tks
fu;qfDr;ka djrk gS] ;k fons'kksa osQ lkFk tks lafèk;ka djrk gS] muosQ fy, lhusV dk vuqleFkZu (Ratification) t:jh
gksrk gSA ,d izFkk (Convention) osQ vuqlkj] ;fn jk"Vªifr dks ,sls jkT; esa dksbZ fu;qfDr djuh gks tgka dk
lhusV&lnL; jk"Vªifr osQ vius jktuhfrd ny ls gks rks jk"Vªifr ,slh fu;qfDr djus ls igys ml lhusV&lnL; ls
ijke'kZ dj ysrk gS ;fn og lnL; izLrkfor fu;qfDr dk vuqeksnu dj nsrk gS rks lhusV Hkh ml fu;qfDr dh iqf"V
ugha djsxhA bl izFkk dks lhusV&lkStU; (Senatorial Courtesy) dh laKk nh tkrh gSA

U;kf;d 'kfDr;ka (Judicial Powers): ;fn ns'kæksg] Hkz"Vkpkj ;k lafoèkku osQ mYya?ku] bR;kfn dk vkjksi yxkdj
jk"Vªifr] mijk"Vªifr] U;k;kèkh'kksa ;k iz'kklfud mPpkfèkdkfj;ksa ij egkfHk;ksx (Impeachment) pykuk gks rks blosQ
fy, izfrfufèk lHkk egkfHk;ksx dh èkkjk,a (Articles of Impeachment) rS;kj djrh gS] vkSj lhusV esa eqdnek
pyk;k tkrk gSA izfrfufèk lHkk esa egkfHk;ksx dh èkkjkvksa dks lkèkkj.k cgqer (Simple Majority) ls ikfjr fd;k
tkrk gSA nks"k&flf¼ osQ fy, egkfHk;ksx dh izR;sd èkkjk ij lhusV esa mifLFkr rFkk ernku esa Hkkx ysus okys lnL;ksa
dk nks&frgkbZ cgqer (Two-Third Majority) vko';d gksxkA nks"k fl¼ gks tkus ij vfHk;qDr dks in ls gVk
fn;k tkrk gSA
fuokZpdh; 'kfDr;ka (Electoral Powers): pkj&pkj lky ckn tc jk"Vªifr vkSj mijk"Vªifr dk pquko gksrk gS
rks bl pquko esa Mkys x, oksVksa dh fxurh osQ fy, dkaxzsl osQ nksuksa lnuksa dk la;qDr vfèkos'ku (Joint Session)
gksrk gSA ;fn jk"Vªifr&in osQ fy, fdlh mEehnokj dks iw.kZ cgqer (Absolute Majority) ugha fey ikrk rks ftu
rhu mEehnokjksa dks lcls vfèkd oksV feys gksa] muesa ls ,d dks izfrfufèk lHkk jk"Vªifr&in osQ fy, pqu ysrh gSA
;fn mijk"Vªifr&in osQ fy, fdlh mEehnokj dks iw.kZ cgqer ugha fey ikrk rks ftu nks mEehnokjksa dks lcls vfèkd
oksV feys gksa] muesa ls ,d dks lhusV mijk"Vªifr&in osQ fy, pqu ysrh gSA
lfefr iz.kkyh (The Committee System): vejhdh dkaxzsl osQ varxZr fofèk&fuekZ.k dk okLrfod dk;Z vusd
lfefr;ksa vkSj milfefr;ksa (Sub-Committees) dh lgk;rk ls laiUu fd;k tkrk gSA dkaxzsl osQ izR;sd vfèkos'ku
esa gtkjksa foèks;d izLrqr fd, tkrs gSaA dksbZ Hkh lnL; bu foèks;dksa ls tqM+s gq, lkjs eqn~nksa dk tkudkj ugha gks
ldrkA ns[kk tk, rks fofèk&fuekZ.k dk lkjk dk;Z fo'ks"kKrk (Specialization) dh ekax djrk gSA lfefr iz.kkyh
dk è;s; ,sls izR;sd dk;Z dks mi;qDr fo'ks"kKksa dks lkSaiuk gSA fiQj] lfefr osQ lnL; ,d le; fdlh ,d fo"k;
ij& tSls fd djkèkku (Taxation) ;k ÅtkZ (Energy) tSls fo"k; ij&viuk è;ku osQafær dj ldrs gSa rkfd mlosQ
fy, mi;qDr foèks;d dk izk:i rS;kj fd;k tk losQA
dkaxzsl dh lfefr dks vke rkSj ij ^y?kq foèkku&eaMy* (Little Legislature) dh laKk nh tkrh gSA fdlh
Hkh foèks;d dks vafre :i nsus dk vfèkdkj ,slh lfefr;ksa osQ gkFk esa jgrk gSA fl¼karr% fdlh lfefr osQ izLRkko

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 133