Page 139 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV dks izfrfufèk lHkk ;k lhusV esa vLohdkj fd;k tk ldrk gS] ijarq O;kogkjr% ,slk cgqr de gks ikrk gSA tc lfefr
dk vè;{k ;k vU; dksbZ lnL; lfefr osQ fopkj ;k fu.kZ; osQ ckjs esa lnu osQ iVy ij cksyrk gS] rc lkèkkj.kr%
foèkk;d mldh fo'ks"kKrk dk vknj djrs gSa] vkSj mldh ckr cM+s è;ku ls lqurs gSaA ;fn dksbZ LFkk;h lfefr fdlh
foèks;d ij viuk izfrosnu (Report) izLrqr djus esa cgqr nsj dj ns] vFkkZr~ rhl fnu ls T;knk yxk ns rks çfrfufèk
lHkk osQ cgqer (vFkkZr~ 218 lnL;ksa) osQ gLrk{kj bls bl foèks;d dks ml lfefr osQ fopkj{ks=k ls okil ysus dh
dkjZokbZ dh tk ldrh gS] ijarq ,sls volj cgqr gh de vkrs gSaA
fiNyh nks 'krkfCn;ksa osQ nkSjku dkaxzsl esa dbZ rjg dh lfefr;k¡ cukbZ xbZ gSaA eq[; çdkj dh lfefr;ksa dk fooj.k%

LFkk;h lfefr (Standing Committee): dkaxzsl dk çR;sd lnu viuh&viuh vko';drk osQ vuqlkj] vius&vius
fu;eksa osQ varxZr] LFkk;h egÙo osQ fo"k;ksa ij LFkk;h lfefr;ka cuk ldrk gSA ,slh lfefr;ka lnu osQ iwjs dk;Zdky
rd pyrh gSaA buosQ mnkgj.k gSa% fofu;kstu lfefr (Appropriation Commmittee)] ctV lfefr (Budget
Committte)] vFkks±ik; lfefr (Ways and Means Committee)] bR;kfnA
çoj lfefr (Select Committe): ;g lfefr lkèkkj.kr% fdlh fof'k"V foèkk;h mís'; (Specific Legislative
Purpose) dh iwfrZ osQ fy, cukbZ tkrh gS] tSls fd fdlh lkoZtfud leL;k osQ vè;;u vkSj fo'ys"k.k osQ fy,A
bls fuf'pr le; rd viuk çfrosnu çLrqr djuk gksrk gSA blosQ ckn ;g Hkax dj nh tkrh gSA
la;qDr lfefr (Joint Committee): bldk xBu rc gksrk gS tc blosQ fy, nksuksa lnu ,d&tSlk fu.kZ; djrs
gSaA blesa nksuksa lnuksa osQ lnL; j[ks tkrs gSaA ,slh lfefr LFkk;h ;k vLFkk;h nksuksa rjg dh gks ldrh gSA mnkgj.k
osQ fy,] vFkZ&O;oLFkk] djkèkku] dkaxzsl iqLrdky;] NikbZ (Printing) dh O;oLFkk] bR;kfn osQ fy, ,slh lfefr
cukbZ tk ldrh gSA
lEesyu lfefr (Conference Committee): ;g ,slh la;qDr lfefr gS tks fdlh fo"k; ij nksuksa lnuksa osQ fu.kZ;
esa ,d:irk ykus osQ fy, cukbZ tkrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, dksbZ Hkh foèks;d jk"Vªifr dh lekuqefr osQ fy, Hkstus
ls igys nksuksa lnuksa osQ }kjk ,d gh :i esa ikfjr gksuk pkfg,A ;fn nksuksa lnuksa osQ }kjk ,d gh :i esa ikfjr gksuk
pkfg,A ;fn nksuksa lnu ,d gh foèks;d ikfjr djuk pkgrs gksa] ijarq mudh vfHkO;fDr essa dksbZ varj gks rks bl
varj dks nwj djus osQ fy, ;k muosQ erHksn dks lqy>kus osQ fy, bl lfefr dk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gSA ;gh dkj.k
gS fd dHkh&dHkh lEesyu lfefr dks vejhdh dkaxzsl dk rhljk lnu (Third House) dgk tkrk gSA
lnu fu;ekoyh lfefr (House Rule Committe): çfrfufèk lHkk dh ;g lfefr ;g fu.kZ; djrh gS fd fdlh
foèks;d dks lnu esa fdl :i esa j[kk tk,\ ;g çfrfufèk lHkk esa fdlh foèks;d ij gksus okys okn&fookn dh
le;&lhek Hkh fuèkkZfjr dj ldrh gSA
jk"Vªifr vkSj dkaxzslμijLij lacaèk (Relation Between the President and The Congress): la;qDr jkT;
vejhdk dk jk"Vªifr 'kklu osQ dk;Zdkjh vax (Executive Organ) dk vè;{k gS_ dkaxzsl ogka dk loksZPp foèkk;h
vax (Supreme Lesgislative Organ) gSA 'kfDr&ikFkZD; (separation of Powers) osQ fl¼kar osQ varxZr bu
nksuksa vaxksa dh 'kfDr;ka vkSj d`R; bl <ax ls fuèkkZfjr fd, x, gSa fd os vius&vius {ks=k esa ,d&nwljs ls Lokèkhu
gks_ 'kklu dk dksbZ Hkh vax viuh 'kfDr;ksa dk ç;ksx djrs le; fdlh nwljs vax ij vkfJr u gksA mnkgj.k osQ
fy,] ogka jk"Vªifr dk dk;Zdky pkj o"kZ dk gS_ dkaxzsl dh çfrfufèk lHkk dk dk;Zdky nks o"kZ dk gSA bl fu;e
vofèk ls igys u rks jk"Vªifr dkaxzsl dks Hkax dj ldrk gS_ u dkaxzsl gh jktuhfr leFkZu (Political Support)
dh deh osQ dkj.k jk"Vªifr dks gSA
nwljh vksj] vojksèk ,oa larqyu (Checks and Balances) osQ fl¼kar osQ varxZr ;g O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS fd 'kklu
osQ fofHkUu vax ,d&nwljs ij vadq'k j[k losQa rkfd 'kfDr osQ teko (concentration of Power) dks jksdk tk
losQ] vkSj 'kklu dk dksbZ vax fujadq'k u gks tk,A jk"Vªifr vkSj dkaxzsl dk ijLij lacaèk bl fl¼kar dk mi;qDr
mnkgj.k çLrqr djrk gSA blosQ eq[;&eq[; eqíksa dk fooj.k bl rjg dj ldrs gSa %
jk"Vªifr lans'k (Presidential Message): jk"Vªifr çfr o"kZ dkaxzsl dks viuk lans'k nsrk gSA blosQ varxZr og

134 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY