Page 141 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV lhusV&lkStU; vejhdh lafoèkku dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ çFkk (convention) gSA bldk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ;fn jk"Vªifr
dks fdlh jkT;&fo'ks"k ls tqM+s gq, la?kh; in (Federal Office) ijμ tSls fd ftyk U;k;oknh (district Attorney)
osQ in ij fu;qfDr djuh gks] vkSj ml jkT; dk ,d ;k nksuksa lhusV lnL; (Senators) jk"Vªifr osQ vius jktuhfrd
ny osQ gksa rks jk"Vªifr ,slh fu;qfDr djus ls igys ml ,d ;k nksuksa lhusV&lnL;ksa ls ijke'kZ dj ysrk gSA ;fn os
çLrkfor fu;qfDr dk vuqeksnu dj nsa rks lhusV ml fu;qfDr dh iqf"V dj nsxhA blosQ foijhr] ;fn mUgsa bl ij
vkifÙk gks rks lhusV Hkh mudh iqf"V ugha djsxhA
dk;Zdkjh foHkkxksa osQ fujh{k.k esa dkaxzsl&lfefr;ksa dh Hkwfedk (Role of the Congress Committe in the
Inspection of Executive Agencies): dkaxzsl dh fofHkUu lfefr;ka oSls rks fofèk&fuekZ.k osQ dk;Z esa lgk;rk nsus
osQ fy, cukbZ tkrh gSa] ijarq vius fopkj {ks=k esa vkus okys fo"k;ksa osQ vUos"k.k vkSj fo'ys"k.k osQ fy, os ç'kklfud foHkkxksa
ls dksbZ Hkh tkudkjh (Informations) ekax ldrh gSa] ;k fooj.k (Reports) e¡xk ldrh gSA ç'kklfud foHkkx bu lfefr;ksa
dh iwNrkN (Inquiries) dks cgqr xaHkhjrkiwoZd ysrs gSa] vkSj bUgsa mi;qDr tkudkjh nsus osQ fy, lnSo rS;kj jgrs gSaA bl
rjg bu lfefr;ksa osQ ekè;e ls dkaxzsl us ç'kklfud foHkkxksa osQ dke&dkt osQ fujh{k.k dh Hkwfedk laHkky yh gSA
foÙkh; fu;a=k.k (Financial Control): dkaxzsl fdlh Hkh ç'kklfud foHkkx (Agencey) ;k dk;ZØe (Programme)
osQ fy, èku dh Lohd`fr nsus ls igys ;g irk yxkrh gS fd ml foHkkx ;k dk;ZØe osQ fy, fiNyh ckj tks fofu;ksx
(Appropriations) fd, x, Fks] mudk mi;ksx (Utilization) fdl&fdl rjg fd;k x;k gS\ bl rjg og ;g
tkap dj ysrh gS fd çLrkfor fofu;ksx dk mi;ksx fdl rjg fd;k tk,xk\ bl çFkk osQ dkj.k Hkh la;qDr jkT;
vejhdk esa dk;Zdkjh 'kk[kk (Executive Branch) ij dkaxzsl dk fu;a=k.k LFkkfir gks x;k gSA bl çFkk dks foÙkh;
fu;a=k.k dh laKk nh tkrh gSA

fofu;ksx ç'kklfud çfØ;k osQ varxZr] og èkujkf'k tks fdlh fo'ks"k mís';
(Purpose) dh iwfrZ ;k fdlh fo'ks"k ifj;kstuk (Project) osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ fy,
fuèkkZfjr dh tkrh gSA

jk"Vªifr ij egkfHk;ksx pykus dk vfèkdkj (Right to Impeachment of the President): vejhdk dh
vè;{kh; ç.kkyh osQ varxZr jk"Vªifr vius vfLrRo osQ fy, foèkkueaMy (vFkkZr~ dkaxzsl) osQ jktuhfrd leFkZu
(Political Support) ;k fo'okl (confidence) ij vkfJr ugha gSA vr% lkekU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dkaxzsl jk"Vªifr
dks vius in ls ugha gVk ldrhA ijarq ;fn ml ij ns'kæksg] Hkkjh Hkz"Vkpkj] t?kU; vijkèk ;k nq"deZ dk vkjksi
gks rks ml ij egkfHk;ksx pyk;k tk ldrk gSA jk"Vªifr ij egkfHk;ksx pykus dk vfèkdkj osQoy dkaxzsl dks gSA
;g dkjZokbZ çfrfufèk lHkk esa 'kq: gksuh pkfg, tgka egkfHk;ksx dh èkkjk,a (Articles of Impeachement) rS;kj
djosQ lhusV osQ ikl Hkst nsuh pkfg, rkfd muosQ vkèkkj ij lhusV esa eqdnek pyk;k tk losQA egkfHk;ksx dh fdlh
Hkh èkkjk dks ikfjr djus osQ fy, çfrfufèk lHkk dk lkèkkj.k cgqr (Simple Majority) i;kZIr gSA egkfHk;ksx osQ
fu.kZ; osQ fy, lhusV dk nks&frgkbZ cgqer (Two-Third Majority) t:jh gksxkA
fLoV~t+jySaM dh la?kh; O;oLFkk (Federal system of switzerland)

fLoV~t+jySaM dk lekt iq:"k&izèkku lekt gSA ;gka 1971 rd fL=k;ksa dks la?kh; pquko esa oksV nsus dks vfèkdkj ugha
FkkA ;gka 1984 esa igyh ckj eaf=keaMy esa dksbZ L=kh j[kh xbZ A mlus 1988 esa R;kxi=k ns fn;k] vkSj ogka nwljh
L=kh 1993 esa j[kh xbZA 1999 esa la?kh; lHkk (Federal Assembly ) us igyh L=kh&vè;{k dk pquko fd;kA mlh
o"kZ ;wjksih; la?k osQ lkFk f}i{kh; O;kikj le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd, x,A 1999 dh ,d ifji`PNk osQ varxZr gh
dkexkjksa osQ fy, ^gM+rky osQ vfèkdkj* (Right to Stirke) dks ekU;rk nsus osQ mís'; ls laoSèkkfud la'kksèku fd;k

136 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY