Page 144 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ6% lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkèkkj vkSj lafoèkku osQ eq[; y{k.k

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self-Assessment) uksV
2- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, (Fill in the Blanks)—

1- la;qDr jkT; vejhdk osQ foèkkueaMy dks ------------------------- dgk tkrk gSA
2- vejhdk vkSj fLoV~tjyS.M esa ------------------------ ç.kkyh çpfyr gSA
3- vejhdh lhusV dks fo'o dk lcls 'kfDr'kkyh --------------------------- dgk tkrk gSA
4- fLoV~tjyS.M vusd jktuhfrd çHkkxksa esa c¡Vk gS ftUgsa ------------------------ dgk tkrk gSA
5- fLoV~tjyS.M esa la?kh; ljdkj dh dk;Zdkjh 'kfDr ----------------- esa gksrh gSA

6-4 lkjka'k (Summary)

z fczfV'k lafoèkku Øfed fodkl dk ifj.kke gSA bldh tM+sa lfn;ksa iqjkus bfrgkl esa teh gqbZ gSaA oqMªks foYlu
us bls gh O;ÙkQ djrs gq, dgk gS fd ¶fczfV'k laoSèkkfud bfrgkl dh ,d çeq[k fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd mldh
jktuhfrd laLFkk,¡] mlosQ fodklØe] tks çkphure 'kklu&ç.kkyh osQ ifjorZu rd ,d gS] ls lEc¼ gSA¸
z baxySaM dk bfrgkl osQYV (Celts)] jkseu (Romans) vkSj lSDlu (Saxons) tkfr;ksa osQ vkxeu osQ lkFk 'kq:
gksrk gSA ;|fi budk 'kklu ik¡poh 'krkCnh osQ vkjaHk rd jgk fiQj Hkh lafoèkku osQ fodkl esa bldk Hkh
gkFk ugha jgkA blosQ ckn ,sXyks&lSDlu lH;rk dk çkjaHk gksrk gS ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i orZeku vaxszth lH;rk
rFkk mlosQ lafoèkku dh uhao iM+hA
z fczfV'k lafoèkku osQ fodkl dk nwljk vkSj egÙoiw.kZ vè;k; 1066 bZñ osQ ukeZu fot; ls çkjaHk gksrk gSA oLrqr%]

;gh lafoèkku dk mn~xe&LFky gSA bl ;qx esa lkekftd vkSj ç'kklfud O;oLFkk dk ,slk :i fn;k x;k ftlosQ
iQyLo:i jktk iwjs ns'k dk 'kkld cu x;kA dqN feykdj ukeZu ;qx esa jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dks dkiQh n`<+
cuk;k x;kA

z gsujh f}rh; us 'kklu dks liQyrkiwoZd pyk;k vkSj jktra=k dks n`<+ cuk;kA ysfdu] mlls v;ksX;
mÙkjkfèkdkfj;ksaμfjpMZ çFke vkSj tkWu dh xyr uhfr;ksa us Økafr dh vkx HkM+dk nh_ leFkZdksa us mldk lkFk
NksM+ fn;kA vUr esa] cSjksuh us tkWu dks viuh 'krks± dks ekuus osQ fy, ckè; fd;kA iQyr%] mls eSXukdkVkZ
(Magna Carta) ftls ^ek¡x&jkti=k (The Great Charter) dgrs gSa] ij viuh eatwjh nsuh iM+hA ;g jkti=k
fo'o dk ugha rks de&ls&de xzsV fczVsu dk lcls egÙoiw.kZ ys[k vo'; gSA mUuhloha 'krkCnh esa fo'ki
fcfy;e LVCl (Bishop Wiliam Stubbs) us dgk Fkk fd fczfV'k lafoèkku dk iwjk bfrgkl bl egku jkti=k
dh ,d O;k[;k gSA

z 1603 bZñ esa tsEl çFke] ftls ^lcls cqf¼eku csodwiQ* (wisest fool) dgk x;k gS] jktxíh ij cSBkA og
jktk osQ ^nSoh vfèkdkj* (Divine Rights of the Kings) osQ fl¼kar esa fo'okl djrk FkkA bl fl¼kar osQ
vuqlkj jktk i`Foh ij bZ'oj dk ,d nwr Fkk ftls vlhfer vkSj fujadq'k 'kfÙkQ çkIr FkhA
z 1660 bZñ esa jktra=k dh iqu% LFkkiuk gqbZA pkYlZ f}rh; xíh ij cSBkA fiQj jktk vkSj laln dk lEcUèk fcxM+us
yxkA pkYlZ osQ 'kklu dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ ?kVuk 1679 bZñ dk gSfc;l dkWjil ,sDV (Harbeas Corpus
Act, 1679) FkkA pkYlZ osQ ckn tsEl f}rh; jktxíh ij vk;kA ppZ osQ dkj.k laln ls mldh yM+kbZ fNM+
x;hA iQyLo:i] 1688 bZñ esa ^xkSjoiw.kZ Økafr* (Glorious Revolution) gqbZ vkSj LVqvVZ ;qx dk var gks x;kA
z vfèkdkj&i=k (1689 bZñ) rd fczfV'k laoSèkkfud bfrgkl osQ fodkl osQ chtkjksi.k dk ;qx FkkA ml le;
rd lafoèkku osQ ekSfyd rÙoksa dh uhao iM+ pqdh FkhA blh uhao ij lafoèkku dk fo'kky Hkou [kM+k gqvkA
1689 bZñ osQ ckn dk ;qx blh Hkou&fuekZ.k dh dgkuh gSA
z lÙkjgoha lnh osQ vfUre n'kd esa cgqr&ls cUèkuksa osQ ckotwn jktk 'kfÙkQ'kkyh cuk jgkA fl¼kar esa laln dh

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