Page 135 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV (iv) vYila[;dksa }kjk fu;U=k.k % vfUre vkykspuk bl lEcUèk esa ;g dh tkrh gS fd la'kksèku ij vYila[;dksa
dk fu;U=k.k jgrk gSA bldh O;k[;k nks rjg ls dh tkrh gSμ(i) 37 jkT; ftudh tula[;k 'ks"k 13 jkT;ksa ls cgqr
de gks ldrh gS] la'kksèku yk ldrs gSaA ;fn 37 de vkcknhokys jk"Vª laxfBr gks tk;¡ rks 13 cgqla[;d jk"Vª muosQ
le{k vleFkZ gks tk;saxs] ysfud O;ogkj esa ,slk ekSdk fojys gh vk ldrk gSA blosQ foijhr ;fn 13 de vkcknhokys
jkT; laxfBr gks tk;¡ rks 'ks"k vfèkd vkcknhokys jkT; la'kksèku ugha yk ldrs gSaA

fLoV~tjySaM esa laoSèkkfud la'kksèku (Constitutional Amendment in Switzerland)
laoSèkkfud fodkl osQ fy, vusd i¼fr;ksa ij fuHkZj fd;k tkrk gS_ tSls&çFkk,¡] jhfr&fjokt] ç'kkldh; vè;kns'k]
U;k;ky;ksa osQ fu.kZ; vkSj oSKkfud vkS|ksfxd vuqlaèkku vkfnA bu i¼fr;ksa ls Hkh Li"V o çR;{k i¼fr laoSèkkfud
la'kksèku gSa bldh tfVyrk rFkk lafoèkku dh çfr"Bk dk [;ky j[krs gq, bl i¼fr dk de ç;ksx gksrk gSA ij
fLoV~tjySaM esa vU; fofèk;ksa osQ foijhr laoSèkkfud ifjoÙkZu ykus osQ fy, laoSèkkfud la'kksèku dh i¼fr ij gh vfèkd
fuHkZj fd;k x;k gSA fLoV~tjySaM esa osQoy 77 o"kks± esa (1874&1975 bZñ) 50 la'kksèku fd;s x;s] tcfd vesfjdk
esa 170 o"kks± esa (1789 bZñ ls vkt rd) osQoy 26 la'kksèku fd;s x;sA
fLol lafoèkku esa la'kksèku dh tks çfØ;k fuèkkZfjr dh x;h gS mlosQ nks çdkj gSμ
la'kksèku i¼fr;k¡ (1) laoSèkkfud tuer&laxzg (constitutional Referendum)
(2) laoSèkkfud vkjEHk.k (Constitutional Initiative)A

bu nksuksa i¼fr;ksa }kjk lafoèkku osQ vkaf'kd ;k iw.kZ la'kksèku (partial or Total Revision) gks ldrs gSA
(1) laoSèkkfud tuer&laxzg (constitutional Referendum) %& bldh nks 'krs± gSaA
(d) tc nksuksa lnu lger gksa % lafoèkku esa la'kksèku osQ fy, ;g vko';d gS fd la?kh; foèkkueaMy osQ nksuksa
lnu&jkT; lHkk vkSj jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~&la;qDr :i esa lafoèkku esa iw.kZ vFkok vkaf'kd la'kksèku dk fu'p; djsa vkSj
rnuq:i la'kksèku dk çLrko djsaA rRii'pkr~ ml la'kksèku dk loZlkèkkj.k vkSj dSaVuksa osQ tuer&laxzg
(Referendum) osQ fy, çLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn loZlkèkkj.k vkSj dSaVu mls cgqer ls Lohdkj dj ys rks la'kksèku
Lohd`r le>k tkrk gSA bl çlax esa dSaVu dk ,d vkSj v¼Z dSaVu dk vkèkk er ekuk tk,xkA
([k) tc ,d lnu lger gks vkSj nwljk fojksèk djs %& ysfdu] ;fn la?kh; foèkkueaMy dk ,d gh lnu
çLrkfor la'kksèku osQ fy, lger gks vkSj nwljk lnu mDr la'kksèku dk fojksèk djrk gks] rksμ
(i) loZçFke loZlkèkkj.k tuer laxzg }kjk ;g fu.kZ; fd;k tk;xk fd la'kksèku dh vko';drk gS ;k ughaA

(ii) loZlkèkkj.k dh Lohd`fr fey tkus ij la?kh; foèkku eaMy dk iqufuZokpu gksrk gSA
(iii) rRi'pkr~ foèkkueaMy osQ fuokZfpr lnu çLrkfor la'kksèku ij fopkj djrs gSaA
(iv) ;fn nksuksa mDr la'kksèku dks Lohdkj dj ysrs gSa] tks çLrkfor la'kksèku loZlkèkkj.k vkSj dSaVuksa osQ fy, çLrqr
fd;k tkrk gSA
(v) ;fn loZlkèkkj.k vkSj dSaVu nksuksa cgqer ls lafoèkku dks Lohd`r dj ysrs gSa rks mDr la'kksèku fØ;kdkjh gks
tkrk gSA
(2) laoSèkkfud vkjEHk.k (Constitutional Initiative) %& lafoèkku dk iw.kZ vFkok vkaf'kd la'kksèku (complete
or partial revision) loZlkèkkj.k osQ fy, de&ls&de 50]000 fLol ukxfjdksa }kjk vkosnu&i=k vko';d gSa bl
lEcUèk esa Hkh nks çfØ;k,¡ gS&
(d) ;fn vkosnu&i=k iw.kZ la'kksèku (Complete Revision) osQ fy, gks rks mlh çfØ;k dk vuqlj.k fd;k tkrk
gS ftl çfØ;k dk la?kh; foèkkueaMy osQ ,d lnu la'kksèku çLrko osQ ikl djus vkSj nwljs osQ }kjk fojksèk djus
dh fLFkfr esa gksrk gSA

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