Page 130 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ6% lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkèkkj vkSj lafoèkku osQ eq[; y{k.k

1993 osQ lafoèkku osQ varxZr :l dh osQUæh; ljdkj dks fiQj ls foLr`r 'kfDr;ka nsus dk ç;Ru fd;k x;k gS] ijarq uksV
:lh la?k osQ 21 x.kjkT;ksa rFkk 68 vapyksa] çkarks ,oa tuinksa dks Hkh lekurk osQ vkèkkj ij i;kZIr lÙkk çnku dh
xbZ gSA djkèkku] j{kk] fons'kh ekeys] ÅtkZ vkSj lkekftd&vkfFkZd uhfr ls tqM+s fo"k; osQUæh; vFkkZr~ la?kh; ljdkj
osQ fy, lqjf{kr j[ks x, gSa] ijarq f'k{kk] LokLF;] lkekftd lqj{kk] laLd`fr vkSj Hkwfe osQ mi;ksx ls tqM+s fo"k; osQUæ
vkSj LFkkuh; 'kklu osQ la;qDr çcaèk osQ vraxZr j[ks x, gSaA x.kjkT;ksa osQ vius&vius lafoèkku gSa_ mudh viuh&viuh
fuokZfpr ljdkjsa gSa_ vkSj os viuk&viuk ctV cukrs gSaA os vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd lqèkkjksa dh xfr vkSj fn'kk
fuèkkZfjr djus esa çHkko'kkyh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa_ Hkwfe dk LokfeRo eq[;r% bUgha osQ fu;a=k.k esa vkrk gS_ vkSj jkT;
osQ dY;k.kdkjh dk;ZØeksa dk 80» [kpZ buosQ fgLls esa vkrk gSA

;g ckr egÙoiw.kZ gS fd :l dk lafoèkku vius ukxfjdksa dks cqfu;knh ekuo&vfèkdkj vkSj Lora=krk,a çnku djrk
gSA buesa vkokl (Housing)] fu%'kqYd fpfdRlk (Free Healthcare)] f'k{kk (Education) vkSj dqN gkyrksa esa
dkuwuh lgk;rk (Legal Assistance) dk vfèkdkj lfEefyr gSA

jktuhfrd nyksa dh fLFkfr (Status of Political Parties) %& :lh la?k osQ fuekZ.k ls igys lksfo;r lektoknh
x.kjkT; la?k ,d lkE;oknh ns'k Fkk tgka lkE;oknh ny (Communist Party) dk ,dkfèkdkj çpfyr FkkA 1990
osQ n'kd osQ vkjaHk ls ogka jktuhfrd cgqyokn (Political Pluralism) dks lgu djus dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA rc ls
ogka vusd jktuhfrd ny mHkj dj lkeus vk,] gkykafd muesa ls cgqr gh de ny tkunkj ;k fVdkÅ fl¼ gq,A
ny osQ caèku ;k ny osQ çfr fu"Bk dks ogka cgqr egÙo ugha fn;k tkrk gS] cgqr lkjs jktuhfrK Lokèkhu ;k funZyh;
(Independent) mEehnokjksa osQ :i esa pqus tkrs gSaA os LFkkuh; leFkZu osQ vkèkkj ij vkxs vkrs gSa] laln osQ Hkhrj
voljoknh xBcaèku cuk ysrs gSaA fdlh mEehnokj dks jktuhfrd ny dh vksj ls lalnh; pquko yM+us osQ fy,
de&ls&de 2]00]000 gLrk{kj çkIr djus iM+rs gSaA
jktuhfrd cgqyokn (Political Pluralism) %& og fl¼kar ftlosQ varxZr tulkèkkj.k dks vusd fopkjèkkjkvksa]

uhfr;ksa] dk;ZØeksa vkSj usrkvksa esa ls viuh&viuh ilan dk fodYi pquus dk volj vkSj Lora=krk nh tkrh gSA
fnlacj] 1995 osQ lalnh; pquko osQ le; djhc 250 jktuhfr ny viuk iathdj.k (Registration) djk pqosQ FksA
buesa ls osQoy 43 nyksa us pquko esa fgLlk fy;k] vkSj osQoy 23 nyksa us dqN LFkku thrsA buesa Hkh dqN fo'ks"k nyksa
dk opZLo jgkA LVsV M~;wek osQ 373 LFkkuksa] fofHkUu nyksa osQ fgLls esa vk, D;ksafd bUgsa funZyh; mEehnokj ugha thr
ik,A buesa 90» LFkkuksa ij i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ nyksa osQ fgLls esa vk,A ;s ny Fks % :lh la?k lkE;oknh ny (communist
Party of The Russian Federation)_ :l dk mnkj&yksdra=kh; ny (Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia)_
;kCyksdks_ ^:l gekjk ?kj gS* (Our Home is Russia) _ vkSj :l dk d`f"k&çèkku ny (Agrarian Party of

Russia)A tqykbZ] 1996 rd jk"VªO;kih jktuhfrd nyksa esa dkuwuh rkSj ij iathd`r nyksa dh la[;k fxjdj 86 jg
xbZA fopkjèkkjkRed n`f"V ls :l osQ jktuhfrd nyksa dks eksVs rkSj ij rhu larqfyr Jsf.k;ksa esa j[k ldrs gSa % :f<+oknh
iwoZ&lkE;oknh (Conservative Ex-Communit)_ mRdV nf{k.kiaFkh jk"Vªoknh vkSj yksdoknh (Redical Righwing

Nationalist and Populist)_ vkSj mnkjoknh eè;ekxhZ (Liberal&Centrist) ny tks cktkj&O;oLFkk vkSj
cgqyokn dk leFkZd gSA buesa :f<+oknh iwoZ&lkE;oknh eq[;r%:lh la?k osQ lkE;oknh ny ls tqM+s gSa ftls vDrwcj]
1993 esa fiQj ls dkuwuh rkSj ij ekU;rk fey xbZ FkhA ;g ny lksfo;r la?k osQ lkE;oknh ny (Communit Party
of the Soview Union : CPSU) dk vYila'kksfèkr mÙkjkfèkdkjh gS tks fd vFkZO;oLFkk ij jkT; osQ fu;a=k.k dk
leFkZu djrk gSA buosQ vykok] ^:l dh fL=k;ka* (Women of Russia) ,slk ny gS tks :lh fL=k;ksa esa iQSyh gqbZ
csjkstxkjh dh leL;k vkSj muosQ çfr gksus okys nqO;Zgogkj ij è;ku oasQfær djrk gSA

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