Page 129 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV jk"Vªifr osQ la'kksèkuksa ls lger gks rks og mls lkèkkj.k cgqer ls nqckjk ikfjr dj ldrh gSA ;fn LVsV M~;wek jk"Vªifr
ls vlger gks rks og mls nks&frgkbZ cgqer ls nqckjk ikfjr djosQ jk"Vªifr osQ fu"ksèkkfèkdkj (Veto) dks fujLr dj
ldrh gSA ;gh çfØ;k la?kh; ifj"kn esa Hkh nksgjkuh gksxhμ vFkkZr~ ;fn la?kh; ifj"kn~ jk"Vªifr osQ la'kksèkuksa ls lger
gks rks og mls lkèkkj.k cgqer ls nqckjk ikfjr dj ldrh gS] vU;Fkk mls ;gka Hkh nks&frgkbZ cgqer ls ikfjr djuk
gksxkA ;fn ;s 'krs± iwjh gks tkrh gSa rks çLrqr foèks;d dks jk"Vªifr osQ }kjk ikfjr ekuk tk,xkA
foèkkf;dk dks foLr`r 'kfDr;ka çnku dh xbZ gS] fiQj Hkh muesa dbZ rjg ls dVkSrh dj nh xbZ gSA LVsV M~;wek iw.kZ
cgqer (Absolute Majority) osQ vkèkkj ij (vFkkZr~ 226 oksVksa osQ vkèkkj ij) vfo'okl&çLrko (Vote of No-
Confidence) ikfjr djosQ ljdkj dks fxjk ldrh gS ijarq bls rhu eghus osQ Hkhrj nks ckj ,slk çLrko ikfjr djuk
gksxk] rHkh jk"Vªifr ml dkjZokbZ djus dks foo'k gksxkA ,slh gkyr esa jk"Vªifr ;k rks ubZ ljdkj dk xBu djsxk]
fiQj LVsV M~;wek dks Hkax djosQ u;k pquko djkus dk vkns'k nsxkA u, çèkkuea=kh vkSj ubZ ljdkj dh fu;qfDr osQ
fy, LVsV M~;wek dk vuqleFkZu (Ratification) t:jh gksxkA ;fn jk"Vªifr&}kjk çLrkfor mEehnokj dks LVsV M~;wek
dks Hkax dj ldrk gS] vkSj u, pquko dk vkns'k ns ldrk gSA ijarq fuEu gkyrksa esa jk"Vªifr laln dks Hkax ugha
dj ldrk (d) ;fn ubZ laln osQ pquko osQ ckn ,d o"kZ ls de le; chrk gks_ ([k) ;fn laln jk"Vªifr osQ fo:¼
egkfHk;ksx (Impeachement) dh dkjZokbZ 'kq: dj pqdh gks_ (x) ;fn jk"Vªifr laiw.kZ :l esa vkikrdky
(Emergency) dh ?kks"k.kk dj pqdk gks_ ;k (?k) ;fn jk"Vªifr dk dk;Zdky lekIr gksus esa Ng eghus ls de
le; jgrk gksA mèkj la?kh; ifj"kn jk"Vªifr osQ fo#¼ rHkh egkfHk;ksx pyk ldrh gS tc la?kh; lHkk osQ nksuksa lnu
blosQ i{k esa oksV ns pqosQ gks] vkSj loksZPp U;k;ky; (Supreme Court) rFkk lafoèkkfud U;k;ky; (Constitutional
Court) nksuksa bl çLrko ls lger gksaA

egkfHk;ksx (Impeachement)%& og çfØ;k ftlosQ varxZr fdlh ns'k osQ jk"Vªifr] mijk"Vªifr] mPp ;k loksZPp
U;k;ky; osQ U;k;kèkh'k ;k fdlh vU; mPpkfèkdkjh ij vR;ar xaHkhj vkjksi yxkdj mls in ls gVkus dh dkjZokbZ
dh tkrh gSA ;g vkjksi ns'kæksg] Hkz"Vkpkj ;k lafoèkku osQ mYya?ku dk gks ldrk gSA egkfHk;ksx mUgha mPpkfèkdkfj;ksa
ij pyk;k tkrk gS ftudh inkofèk foèkkueaMy osQ jktuhfrd leFkZu (Political Support) ij vkfJr ugha gksrhA
lkèkkj.kr% fdlh ns'k osQ mPpkfèkdkjh ij egkfHk;ksx pykus dh 'kfDr ogka osQ foèkkueaMy (Legislature) esa fufgr
jgrh gS] vkSj blosQ fy, visf{kr çfØ;k (Procedure) lafoèkku dh O;oLFkkvksa ;k muls tqM+h çFkkvksa (Conventions)
ls fuèkkZfjr gksrh gSA

:l osQ lafoèkku osQ vuqlkj jk"Vªifr ij egkfHk;ksx pykus dh dkjZokbZ pkj pj.kksa esa iwjh dh tk ldrh gS%
(d) LVsV M~;wek dks nks&frgkbZ cgqr ls egkfHk;ksx osQ i{k esa oksV nsuk gksxk_ ([k) loksZPp U;k;ky; dks bl ckr
dh iqf"V djuh gksxh fd jk"Vªifr dh dfFkr dkjZokbZ xaHkhj vijkèk ;k ns'kæksg (treason) dh dksfV esa vkrh gS_
(x) laoSèkkfud U;k;ky; dk ;g O;oLFkk nsuh gksxh fd LVsV M~;wek us egkfHk;ksx pykus osQ fu.kZ; dk tks vuqeksnu
fd;k gS] mlesa çfØ;k (procedure) dk dksbZ mYya?ku ugha gqvk gS_ vkSj (?k) jk"Vªifr dks gVkus dk çLrko la?kh;
ifj"kn osQ nks&frgkbZ cgqer ls ikfjr gksuk pkfg,A
laoSèkkfud U;k;ky; (Constitutional Court) %& :l osQ lafoèkku osQ vuqlkj] og U;k;ky; ftls U;kf;d
iqujh{k.k (Judicial Review) dh 'kfDr çkIr gS] blesa 19 lnL;ksa dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA ;s lnL; jk"Vªifr osQ
}kjk euksuhr fd, tkrs gSa] ijarq budh fu;qfDr osQ fy, la?kh; ifj"kn dh iqf"V vko';d gSA bl U;k;ky; dks ;g
fu.kZ; nsus dk vfèkdkj gS fd jk"Vªifr] laln rFkk ljdkj dh dksbZ dkjZokbZ lafoèkkulEer gS ;k ugha\
U;kf;d iqujh{k.k (Judicial Review) %& fyf[kr lafoèkku osQ varxZr fd ;g 'kfDr fd og fdlh fu;e] dkuwu]

ç'kklfud vkns'k ;k dkjZokbZ dks lafoèkku dh O;oLFkkvksa ;k muesa fufgr fl¼karksa dh n`f"V ls ij[k dj mls lafoèkku
;k mldh ewy psruk (spirit) osQ fo:¼ ?kksf"kr dj ldrk gS ftlls og jnn~ gks tkrh gSA

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