Page 128 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ6% lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkèkkj vkSj lafoèkku osQ eq[; y{k.k

(Kitchen Cabinet) dh lykg ls dk;Z djrk gS ftlesa mlosQ fo'oLr fe=k vkSj mPpkfèkdkjh lfEefyr gksrs gSaA uksV
eaf=keaMy dks lÙkk esa jgus osQ fy, laln dk fo'okl çkIr gksuk pkfg,A
jk"Vªifr vkKfIr;ka (Decress) tkjh dj ldrk gS tks izpfyr dkuwu dh rjg ekU; gksrh gSA fiQj laln bUgsa fujLr
Hkh dj ldrh gSA nwljh vksj] jk"Vªifr Hkh laln&}kjk&ikfjr foèks;d (Bill) dks dkuwu cuus ls jksd ldrk gSA og
lalnμvFkkZr~ la?kh; lHkk (Federal Assembly) osQ çfr vius okf"kZd vfHkHkk"k.k (Annual Address) osQ varxZr
ljdkj dh jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd uhfr dk fu:i.k dj ldrk gSA ns'k dh j{kk (Defence) dk nkf;Ro l¡Hkkyus
osQ fy, jk"Vªifr lqj{kk&ifj"kn (Security Council) fu;qDr djrk gSA ftldk vè;{k og Lo;a gksrk gSA og
osQUæh; cSad (Central Bank) osQ vè;{k (Chairperson)] egk&vfHk;kstd (Prosecutor General) rFkk
U;k;ikfydk (Judiciary) osQ çeq[k lnL;ksa dh fu;qfDr dk çLrko laln osQ ikl Hkstrk gSA tuojh] 1994 osQ
ckn lqj{kk&lsok,a] x`g&ea=kky;] j{kk ea=kky; vkSj fons'k ea=kky; lhèks jk"Vªifr osQ vèkhu dj fn, x, gSaA
jk"Vªifr&in dk mEehnokj de&ls&de nl yk[k ernkrkvksa osQ }kjk euksuhr gksuk pkfg,_ buesa fdlh ,d
vapy (Region) ;k x.kjkT; (Republic) osQ ernkrkvksa dh la[;k dqy la[;k dh 7% ls T;knk ugha gksuh pkfg,A
:l esa foèkkf;dk (Legislature) osQ d`R; la?kh; lHkk (Federal Assembly) dks lkSais x, gSaA blesa nks lnu
(Chambers) j[ks x, gSaA voj lnu (Lower House) dks LVsV M~;wek dgk tkrk gSA blesa 450 lnL;ksa dh O;oLFkk
dh xbZ gSA mPp lnu (Upper House) dks la?kh; ifj"kn (Federal Council) dgk tkrk gSA blesa 178 lnL;ksa
dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA LVsV M~;wek osQ 225 lnL; lhèks ,dlnL;h; fuokZpu {ks=kksa (Single-Member Constituencies)
ls pkj o"kZ osQ fy, pqus tkrs gSaA bl pquko esa cgqyer ç.kkyh (Plurality System) viukbZ tkrh gSμ vFkkZr~
^tks lcls vkxs] thr mldh (First pas the post)A 'ks"k 225 lnL; jk"Vªh; ny&lwfp;ksa (Nationa Party Lists)
ls vkuqikfrd çfrfuèkRo (Proportional Representation) osQ vkèkkj ij pqus tkrs gSaA bl rjg çR;sd ernkrk
osQ nks oksV gksrs gSa% ,d LFkk;h fuokZpu {ks=k osQ fy,_ nwljk jk"Vªh; ny&lwph osQ fy,A LVsV M~;wek osQ mEehnokj dh
U;wure vk;q 21 o"kZ gksuh pkfg,A tc dksbZ mEehnokj pqu fy;k tkrk gS] rc og dksbZ oSrfud dk;Z (Paid Job)

Lohdkj ugha dj ldrk_ u og fdlh ljdkjh in (Government Post) ij jg ldrk gSA
cgqyer ç.kkyh (Plurality System) %& og fuokZpu&ç.kkyh ftlosQ varxZr ,dlnL;h; fuokZpu {ks=k esa ftl
mEehnokj dks lcls T;knk oksV feyrs gSa] mls fot;h eku fy;k tkrk gSA
vkuqikfrd çfrfufèkRo (Proportional Representation) %& ,slh pquko ç.kkyh ftlesa ernkrk ,d ls vfèkd
mEehnokjksa dks viuh&viuh ilan osQ Øe esa j[k ldrs gSa] rkfd cgqer (Majority) osQ lkFk&lkFk vYier
(Minority) dks Hkh mfpr çfrfufèkRo fn;k tk losQA ;g ,d tfVy ç.kkyh gSA blosQ fy, dbZ rjhosQ viuk, tk
ldrs gSa tks çLrkfor pquko osQ fu;eksa osQ varxZr fufnZ"V dj fn, tkrs gSaA
la?kh; ifj"kn osQ varxZr :lh la?k dh 89 ç'kklfud bdkb;ksa esa ls çR;sd osQ nks&nks çfrfufèk lfEefyr gksrs gSa
ftlls bl ifj"kn osQ lnL;ksa dh la[;k 178 gks tkrh gSA fdlh Hkh x.kjkT; ;k vapy osQ çfrfufèk Øe'k% ogka dh
dk;Zikfydk (executive) vkSj foèkkf;dk osQ vè;{k gksus pkfg,A

lkèkkj.kr% dksbZ Hkh foèks;d 'kq:&'kq: esa LVsV M~;wek esa çLrqr gksuk pkfg, gkykafd dqN uhfr&lacèkh fo"k; la?kh;
ifj"kn~ osQ vfèkdkj {ks=k esa j[ks x, gSaA LVsV M~;wek esa ikfjr gksus osQ ckn çR;sd foèks;d dks la?kh; ifj"kn osQ ikl
Hkstuk pkfg,A ;fn la?kh; ifj"kn fdlh foèks;d dks vLohdkj dj ns rks mls LVsV M~;wek osQ ikl okil Hkstk tk,xkA
ogk¡ ,d vk;ksx&ftlesa nksuksa lnuksa osQ lnL; lfEefyr gksaxs&buesa erHksnksa dks nwj djus dk ç;Ru djsxkA ;fn LVsV
M~;wek mPp lnu osQ la'kksèkuksa dks vLohdkj dj ns rks og nks&frgkbZ cgqer ls ml foèks;d dks nqckjk ikfjr djosQ
mPp lnu dh bPNk dh vogsyuk dj ldrh gSA ,sls gky esa ml foèks;d dks laln&}kjk ikfjr ekuk tk,xkA

laln ls ikfjr gksus osQ ckn çR;sd foèks;d dks jk"Vªifr osQ gLrk{kj osQ fy, Hkstuk gksrk gS ;fn jk"Vªifr fdlh
foèks;d ij gLrk{kj djus ls budkj dj ns rks mls LVsV M~;wek osQ ikl okil Hkst fn;k tkrk gSA ;fn LVsV M~;wek

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