Page 131 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV Lo&ewY;kadu (Self-Assessment)
1- lgh fodYi pqfu, (Choose the correct option)—

1- eSXukdkVkZ ftls ek¡x jkti=k (The Great Charter) dgrs gSa dks eatwjh nhμ
(d) gsujh f}rh; ([k) fjpMZ çFke (x) tkWu (?k) V~;wMj
2- fczfV'k laln 'kfDr'kkyh gks x;h Fkhμ
(d) iaægoha 'krkCnh esa ([k) pkSngoha 'krkCnh esas

(x) lksygoha 'krkCnh esaa (?k) ckjgoha 'krkCnh esa
3- fczVsu esa ftls ^lcls cqf¼eku csodwiQ* dgk x;k gS 1603 bZ- esa xn~nh ij cSBk] og dkSu gS\
(d) fjpMZ çFke ([k) tsEl çFke (x) gsujh f}rh; (?k) tku
4- xzsV fczVsu vkSj vejhdh mifuos'kksa osQ chp ;q¼ pyk&
(d) 10 o"kks± rd ([k) 8 o"kks± rd (x) 6 o"kks± rd (?k) 5 o"kks± rd

5- orZeku esa fLoV~tjyS.M dk lafoèkku tks çHkkoh gS dc ykxw gqvk μ
(d) 29 ebZ 1874 ([k) 29 ebZ 1875 (x) 29 ebZ 1878 (?k) 29 ebZ 1880

6-2 ;w-,l-, vkSj fLoV~tjyS.M esa lafoèkku la'kksèku dh çfØ;k (Amendment
Process in the Constituion of U.S.A. and Switzerland)

laoSèkkfud la'kksèku dk vFkZ (Meaning of Constitutional Amendment) %& lafoèkku fodkl'khy gksrs gSaA
blh çlax esa gsujh esu (Henry Maine) us dgk Fkk fd lafoèkku fufeZr ugha vfirq fodflr gksrs gSaA bl mfDr
esa lR;rk dh ek=kk tks Hkh gks bruk rks lokZekU; gh gS fd dksbZ Hkh lafoèkku vius vfUre] :i dks çkIr ugha dj
ik;k gS rFkk fodkl osQ ;ksX; gSA ykMZ czkxge us dgk Fkk % ^;fn lafoèkku dk dksbZ ewY; gS rks mUgsa fodflr gksuk
pkfg,] mudh tM+sa Hkh gksrh gSa] os idrs gSa] n`<+ gksrs gSaA¸ rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ekuo lekt fodkl'khy gS] le;
osQ lkFk euq"; dh vko';drk,¡ rFkk ifjfLFkfr;k¡ cnyrh jgrh gSaA pw¡fd mÙke lafoèkku dk ;g xq.k gS fd og
le; dh ek¡x dks ifjyf{kr djs] vr% vko';drkvksa esa ifjorZu osQ lkFk lafoèkku esa vuqdwy ifjorZu vko';d
gSA foYlu osQ 'kCnksa esa ¶lafoèkku dks fuf'pr :i ls thou çsjd gksuk pkfg,_ blosQ rÙo gSa jk"Vªh; fopkj vkSj
LoHkkoA vr% jk"Vªh; thou esa ifjorZu osQ lkFk bldk fodkl vko';d gSA
vesfjdk esa laoSèkkfud la'kksèku (Constitutional Amendment in U.S.A.)

laoSèkkfud la'kksèku dh jhfr;k¡ (Procedures of Constituional Amendment): vkèkqfud fyf[kr lafoèkku esa
vejhdh lafoèkku lcls vfèkd iqjkuk lafoèkku gSA bldk fuekZ.k yxHkx nks lkS o"kZ iwoZ gqvk Fkk ysfdu vkt Hkh
;fn esfMlu vkSj gSfeYVu i`Foh ij vkos rks bls igpkuus esa mUgsa Hkh dfBukbZ gksxhA vkt dk lafoèkku fliQZ 1787
bZñ dk fyf[kr çys[k ugha gS] ;g rks <k¡pkek=k gS] xxupqEch vV~Vkfydk dk vkèkkj ek=k gSA le; vkSj ifjfLFkfr
dh ek¡x osQ vuqlkj blesa la'kksèku gq,] fofèk osÙkk] çdk'kdh; vkèkkj] foèkkf;uh laLFkkvksa] ukxfjdksa vkSj jktuhfrd
nyksa us bldh O;k[;k dhA lafoèkku osQ 'kCnksa dks mUgksaus fofHk vFkZ] fl¼kar] fu;e] ç.kkfy;ksa vkfn ls foHkwf"kr fd;kA
bUgsa lafoèkku esa fyfic¼ ugha fd;k x;k] ysfdu çFkk vkSj ijEijk osQ :i esa lafoèkku osQ O;kogkfjd vkSj vfHk vax
cu x;sA vk¡x vkSj js us blfy, dgk gS fd ¶orZeku lafoèkku fliQZ çys[khu vuqPNsn ugha gS cfYd leLr O;k[;k,¡]
S
fu.kZ;] vH;kl vkSj ç.kkfy;k¡ tks ekSfyd vuqPNsnksa vkSj èkkjkvksa osQ bnZ&fxnZ fodflr gq, gSa bldk ldayu g] ftUgsa
de&ls&de ,d gtkj i`"Bksa esa eqfær fd;k tk ldrk gSA¸
lkaoSèkkfud o`f¼ osQ çlax esa equjks us dgk gSμ ;g lafoèkku 1787 dh frfFk fpUg j[krs gq, Hkh xqtjs gq, o"kks±
esa fujarj ifjofrZr] fodflr] foLr`r vkSj uohu ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ vuqdwy gksrk jgk gSA¸ czkbl osQ 'kCnksa esa ¶vejhdh

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