Page 123 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV esa x`g&;q¼ fNM+ x;kA lkE;okfn;ksa osQ usr`Ro esa turk us çfrfØ;koknh 'kklu osQ fo:¼ yM+kbZ 'kq: dj nh
P;kax&dkbZ&'ksd] tks lafoèkku osQ i{k esa ugha Fkk] us varr% 1946 bZñ esa ,d lafoèkku dk fuekZ.k fd;k] ftldk
phuh turk us tedj fojksèk fd;kA bl çdkj] vafre pj.k esa iwathoknh oqQvkfeUrkax rFkk lektoknh 'kfÙkQ;ksa esa
jkT;lÙkk dks viukus osQ fy, fodV la?k"kZ pykA vUr esa] 1949 bZñ esa lektoknh 'kfÙkQ;ksa dh fot; gqbZ rFkk etnwjksa
osQ usr`Ro esa tuoknh x.kjkT; (People's Republic) dh LFkkiuk gqbZA
la{ksi esa] lkE;oknh Økafr osQ iwoZ phu esa nks çdkj osQ lafoèkku dk fuekZ.k gqvk FkkA eapw oa'k] ih;kax ;q¼&lkeUr
rFkk P;kax&dkbZ&'ksd }kjk fufeZr çfrfØ;koknh rFkk fn[kkoVh lafoèkku vkSj nwljk] MkWñ lu;kr lsu }kjk fufeZr
cqtqZvk çtkrkaf=kd lafoèkkuA

vLFkk;h lafoèkku (Provisional Constitution)μ lkE;oknh 'kklu dh LFkkiuk osQ rqjUr ckn fdlh lafoèkku dk
fuekZ.k ugha fd;k x;kA 'kklu&O;oLFkk osQ lapkyu osQ fy, ,d lkekU; dk;ZØe (Common Programme) dks
viuk;k x;k ftlus ikap o"kks± rd vLFkk;h lafoèkku (Provisional Constitution) osQ :i esa dke fd;kA lkekU;
dk;ZØe dk fuekZ.k phuh tuoknh jktuhfrd ijke'kZnkrk lEesyu (Chinese People's Political Consultative
Conference) uked laLFkk }kjk gqvkA ;g ,d f[kpM+h laLFkk Fkh ftlesa lkE;oknh ny osQ lkFk fofHkUu jktuhfrd
nyksa] yksd laxBuksa] tu'kfÙkQ lsuk vkSj leqæikj phfu;ksa osQ çfrfufèk lfEefyr FksA lEesyu }kjk fuèkkZfjr lkekU;
dk;ZØe foxr o"kks± dh tuoknh Økafr;ksa osQ vuqHko dh nsu FkhA blus mu ekSfyd uhfr;ksa dks ikfjHkkf"kr fd;k ftudk
vuqikyu phuh x.kjkT; djsxkA tuoknh yksdra=kh; vfèkdkuk;d'kkgh fl¼kar bldk vkèkkj FkkA
ijke'kZnkrk lEesyu us rhu çys[kksa dk fuekZ.k fd;kμ(d) lkekU; dk;ZØe (A Common Programme)

([k) ijke'kZnkrk lEesyu dk lko;o fu;e (An Organic Law of the CPPCC) vkSj (x) osQUæh; ljdkj dk
lko;o fu;e (An Organic Law of the Central People's Government)A
rhuksa çys[kksa esa lkekU; dk;ZØe lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ FkkA blesa vUrfjd 'kkludky osQ fy, vFkkZr~ lektokn dh
çkfIr rd osQ fy,] ekSfyd mís';ksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k FkkA çLrkouk esa dgk x;k Fkk fd phu dk jktuhfrd
vkèkkj ^uohu çtkrU=k* (new democracy) gS ftudk mi;skx ^turkaf=kd vfèkuk;dra=k* (people democratic
dictatorship) }kjk fd;k tk,xkA ^uohu çtkra=k* dk vFkZ ml laØe.k dky ls Fkk ftlosQ }kjk phu dks
^v¼Z&lkeUrokn* (semi feudalism) vkSj ^v¼Z&mifuos'kokn* (semi-colonialism) ls xqtjdj ^loZgkjk
vfèkuk;dokn* (proletarian dictatorship) rd igqapuk FkkA ^turkaf=kd vfèkuk;dra=k* dk vFkZ gS fd ^çtkra=k*
^turk* osQ gkFk esa jgsxk vkSj ^vfèkuk;dra=k* vU; oxks±μcM+s cqtqZvk] lkearh tehankj vkSj turk osQ vU; nq'euksa
ij ykxw gksxkA lkekU; dk;ZØe esa vU; dbZ ekSfyd ckrksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k Fkk] tsls lkezkT;oknh fo'ks"kkfèkdkjksa
dh lekfIr] Hkwfe&lqèkkj] vkS|ksxhjd.k dh vko';drk] jk"Vªh; vYila[;dksa dks leku vfèkdkj vkSj lksfo;r :l
ls fe=krkA ljdkj osQ <k¡ps osQ ckjs esa dgk x;k Fkk fd laØe.k dky esa jk"Vªh; tu&ljdkj ifj"kn~ (Central
People's Government Council) dk fuokZpu gksxk tks dk;Zdkfj.kh osQ :i esa dk;Z djsxhA

lEesyu dk mís'; phu osQ leLr çtkrkaf=kd oxks± vkSj jk"Vªh;rkvksa dks ,drk osQ lw=k esa ck¡èkuk FkkA lEesyu
çtkrU=k osQ dk;ZØe dks ykxw djsxk rFkk lkezkT;okn] lkearokn] ukSdj'kkgh vkSj iwathokn dk fojksèk djsxk]
dqvkfeUrkax dks m[kkM+ iQsaosQxk vkSkj Økafrfojksfèk;ksa dk fouk'k djsxkA bldk vfUre y{; vFkZO;oLFkk dks etcwr
djuk vkSj ,d n`<+] LorU=k rFkk 'kkafrfç; tuoknh x.krkaf=kd phu dh LFkkiuk djuk gksxkA
osQUæh; tuoknh ljdkj ifj"kn~ esa 56 lnL; gksaxs ftuesa ,d vè;{k vkSj 6 mikè;{k gksaxsA ;g foèkkf;dk]
dk;Zdkfj.kh vkSj U;k;ikfydk rhuksa dk dk;Z djsxhA ifj"kn~ dbZ fudk;ksa dk laxBu djsxhA buesa lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ
ljdkj ç'kklu ifj"kn~ (Government Administration Council) Fkh tks ,d lqij&dSfcusV (super cabinet)
osQ :i esa dk;Z djrh FkhA blosQ lnL; Fks] çèkkuea=kh] ik¡p miçèkkuea=kh] ,d egklfpo vkSj 16 lnL;A ljdkj

118 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY