Page 118 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ6% lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkèkkj vkSj lafoèkku osQ eq[; y{k.k

(viii) vU; laoSèkkfud fodkl& LVqvVZ oa'k osQ ckn vU; jktuhfrd fodkl gq,A 1707 bZ- esa baXySaM dk LdkWVySaM uksV
dk lalnkRed xBu gqvkA 1801 bZ- esa vk;jySaM Hkh ml laxBu osQ vUrxZr vk x;kA fczfV'k lkezkT; fo'o osQ ,d
Nksj ls nwljs Nksj rd iQSy x;kA LFkkuh; Lok;Ùk laLFkkvksa dk iquxZBu rFkk çtkrU=khdj.k gqvkA U;k;] O;oLFkk
vkSj yksd lsokvksa esa lqèkkj gqvkA ljdkj osQ dk;ks± osQ c<+us osQ dkj.k ç'kkldh; vaxks esa o`f¼ gqbZA bl çdkj]
fczfV'k lafoèkku esa vusd ifjorZu gq, vkSj vkt Hkh gks jgs gSa fodkl dk Øe :dk ugha gS] ;g xfr'khy gSA vkWx
vkSj ftad osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶;qx&;qx ls mlesa fodkl gksrk vk jgk gS] ;gk¡ rd fd orZeku dky esa HkhA¸ ysfdu]
lafoèkku dh vkRek esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gqvk gSA ;Fkkdky O;oLFkk fczfV'k lafoèkku dh çeq[k fo'ks"krk gSA
vesfjdh lafoèkku dk fodkl (Development of American Constitution)

çR;sd lafoèkku dh tM+ vrhr osQ xHkZ esa fNih gqbZ gSA vejhdh lafoèkku Hkh bldk viokn ugha gSA vr% orZeku
lafoèkku osQ leqfpr Kku osQ fy, mldk ,sfrgkfld Kku vko';d gSA vè;;u dh lqfoèkk osQ fy, lafoèkku osQ
fodkl dks pkj Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSμ (1) mifuos'khdj.k (Colonization)] (2) LorU=krk (Independence)]
(3) jkT;eaMy (Confederation) vkSj (4) lafoèkku (Constituion)A
mifuos'khdj.k (Colonization)

ns'kkUrjokfl;ksa dk vkxeu (Arrival of Immigrants)μ lksgyoha vkSj lÙkjgoha 'krkCnh esa jkT;ksa }kjk fo'ks"k
èkeks± osQ vuq;kf;;ksa ij vR;kpkj gksrk FkkA yksxksa osQ èkeZ vkSj jLe&fjokt ladV esa FksA vr%] mu yksxksa dks viuk
ns'k NksM+dj u;h nqfu;k dh 'kj.k ysuh iM+hA

o.kZladj laLd`fr dk tUe (Birth of a hybrid culture)μfofHkUu ns'kokfl;ksa osQ vkxeu us vesfjdk esa ,d
o.kZladj laLd`fr dks tUe fn;kA fu"Øe.kdkfj;ksa esa vaxzstksa dk ckgqY; Fkk ftUgksusa viuh Hkk"kk] LorU=krk] Lo'kklu
dh ijEijkvksa vkfn dk chtkjksi.k bl ns'k esa fd;kA vU; ns'kokfl;ksa us Hkh vkaf'kd :i esa bl u;h lH;rk ij
çHkko MkykA iQyr%] ,d fefJr laLd`fr dk tUe gqvk tks ewyr% vaxzsth Fkh] ij lkFk&lkFk vU; laLd`fr;ksa ls
Hkh çHkkfor FkhA
mifuos'kksa esa LFkkuh; 'kklu (Local Governments)μ vejhdh mifuos'kksa dh vU; çeq[k LFkk;h fo'ks"krk
LFkkuh; laLFkk,¡ FkhaA vkèkqfud dky dh LFkkuh; laLFkkvksa dk ;gha ls çkjEHk gksrk gSA U;w baxySaM dh çeq[k nsu 'kgjksa
esa çR;{k çtkrU=k FkkA nf{k.k esa dkmfUV;ksa dk fodkl gqvk tks LFkkuh; dh mi;qZÙkQ bdkb;k¡ fl¼ gqb±] eè;
osQ mifuos'kksa esa LFkkuh; 'kklu] nsgkrh bdkb;ksa dh uhao iM+h vkSj nf{k.k esa cM+s&cM+s 'kgjksa osQ 'kklu&dky
dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA
LorU=krk (Independence)— ^tsEl Vkmu dh LFkkiuk vkSj Lora=krk dh ?kks"k.kk* osQ chp 169 o"kZ chr x,] ysfdu
mifuos'kokfl;ksa us dHkh Lokèkhurk dh ek¡x ugha dhA bl chp fliQZ NksVs&NksVs LFkkuh; vkSj O;fDrxr >xM+s gksrs
jgs] ysfdu èkhjs&èkhjs 'kklu osQ Hkz"Vkpkj rFkk 'kks"k.k osQ dkj.k vlUrks"k dh vkx HkM+dus yxhA LorU=krk&laxzke
dk dkj.k vfèkdrj lS¼kafrd FkkA ;s mifuos'k fczfV'k lezkV~ dh lÙkk dks Lohdkj djrs Fks] ijUrq mlesa fczfV'k laln
dk gLr{ksi ugha FkkA tc vFkkZHkko osQ dkj.k lHkh oxks± ij vfèkd dj yxk;k tkus yxk rFkk O;kikj vkSj ç'kklu
lEcUèkh dBksj fu;e cuk;s x;s rks mifuos'kksa esa rhoz jks"k O;kIr gks x;kA mifuos'kksa dk dguk Fkk fd ¶fcuk
çfrfufèkRo osQ dj ugha yxkuk pkfg,A¸ os fczfV'k ljdkj }kjk dj yxk;s tkus osQ fojksèkh FksA
egk}hih; dk¡xzsl ,oa LorU=krk dh ?kks"k.kk& eslkpqlsV~l osQ fuokfl;ksa us Økafr dk usr`Ro fd;kA muosQ ç;kl
osQ iQyLo:i 1774 bZñ esa ckjg mifuos'kksa osQ çfrfufèk;ksa dk lEesyu fiQykMsfYiQ;k uxj esa gqvk ftls ^çFke
egk}hih; dk¡xzsl* (The First Continental Congress) dgk tkrk gSA dk¡xszl us vfèkdkjksa dh ?kks"k.kk dh] d"Vksa
dks nwj djus dh çfrKk dh vkSj ^egk}hih; laxBu* (continental Association) dh LFkkiuk dh x;h ftlls foæksg
dk laxBu gks losQA vxys o"kZ Hkh lEesyu vkeaf=kr djus dk fu'p; fd;k x;kA rnuq:i 1775bZñ esa f}rh;
egk}hih; dk¡xzsl (The Second Continental congress) dh cSBd gqbZA tkWftZ;k osQ 'kkfey gksus ls bl ckj dqy

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