Page 117 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV (i) jktk dh 'kfÙkQ esa ßkl& lÙkjgoha lnh osQ vfUre n'kd esa cgqr&ls cUèkuksa osQ ckotwn jktk 'kfÙkQ'kkyh cuk
jgkA fl¼kar esa laln dh loksZPprk ekuh tk pqdh Fkh] ysfdu bls O;ogkfjd :i nsus esa dfBukbZ gks jgh FkhA fofy;e
vkSj esjh dh jktdh; uhfr;ksa vkSj dk;ks± ij dM+k fu;a=k.k jgkA ysfdu] vBkjgoha lnh osQ çkjEHk esa lgh le; u s
iyVk [kk;kA lHkh tktZ fons'kh gksus osQ dkj.k jkt&dk;ks± esa de fnypLih ysrs FksA vr% muosQ lkèkkj.k vfèkdkj
èkhjs&èkhjs muosQ gkFk ls fudydj eaf=k;ksa vkSj laln osQ gkFk esa vkus yxsA jktk okLrfod 'kkld u jgk] og laoSèkkfud
çèkku cu x;kA og fliQZ jkT; djus yxk 'kklu ughaA lHkh mÙkjkfèkdkfj;ksa us bl fu;e dk ikyu fd;kA
(ii) mÙkjnk;h eaf=kifj"kn& vBkjgoha lnh osQ eè; rd ,slh laLFkk dk tUe gqvk tks tura=k dk çeq[k vax cu
x;kA ;g laLFkk eaf=kifj"kn~ FkhA èkhjs&èkhjs okLrfod ç'kkldh; 'kfÙkQ laln osQ çfr mÙkjnk;h ,dnyh; eaf=kifj"kn
osQ gkFk esa vk x;hA vUr esa] turk dh çfrfufèk lHkk ^dkWeu lHkk* osQ gkFk esa ns'k dh vfUre 'kfÙkQ vk;h vkSj
eaf=keaMy mlosQ çfr lkewfgd :i ls mÙkjnk;h gqvkA
(iii) çèkkuea=kh& eaf=keaMy osQ lkewfgd mÙkjnkf;Ro dh O;kogkfjd liQyrk osQ fy, usrk dh vko';drk Fkh]
ysfdu cgqr fnuksa rd fdlh us bl LFkku dks xzg.k ugha fd;kA okyiksy us fl¼kar :i esa vius dks çFke ;k
çèkkuea=kh dks dcwy ugha fd;k] fiQj Hkh laln vkSj eaf=keaMy esa mldh çèkkurk FkhA cgqr fnuksa rd bldh ;gh
fLFkfr jghA 1937 bZ- ls cgqer ny dk usrk çèkkuea=kh gksus yxkA
(iv) eaf=keaMy vkSj eaf=keaMyh; i¼frμ eaf=keaMyh; O;oLFkk (Cabinet System) fczfV'k lafoèkku dh vkèkkjf'kyk
gSA LVqvVZ dky esa eaf=keaMy çkjfEHkd :i esa FkkA 1696 bZ- dh 'Whig Junto' ls eaf=keaMy dh okLrfod 'kq:vkr
gksrh gSA
oLrqr%] okyiksy osQ usr`Ro dky esa eaf=keaMy dh lHkh fo'ks"krkvksa dk mn; gks pqdk FkkA eaf=keaMykRed mÙkjnkf;Ro
osQ fl¼kar dk fodkl Hkh mUgha fnuksa gqvkA vV~Bkjgoha lnh osQ var rd eaf=keaMyh; O;oLFkk dh lHkh :f<+;k¡ LFkkfir
gks xb± vkSj mUgsa laoSèkkfud ekU;rk feyus yxhA

(v) yksdlHkk dk çtkra=khdj.k& laln osQ lEcUèk esa nks egÙoiw.kZ fodkl gq,& (1) yksdlHkk dk çtkra=khdj.k
vkSj (2) laln esa 'kfÙkQ dk LFkku&ifjorZuA 1832 bZ- rd dkWeu lHkk ykMZ lHkk dh rjg dqyhurkaf=kd FkhA bldk
çfrfuè;kRed :i ugha osQ cjkcj Fkk] ysfdu turk dh ek¡x osQ dkj.k èkhjs&èkhjs erkfèkdkj dk {ks=k c<+us yxkA
ernkrkvksa osQ chp jktuhfrd 'kfÙkQ dk vfèkd U;kf;d c¡Vokjs osQ fy, lalnh; {ks=kksa dk iqufoZrj.k gqvk]
pquko&çpkj vkfn osQ fu;e fuf'pr fd;s x;sA 1918 bZ- osQ tu&çfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e (Representation of the
People's Act. 1918) vkSj iwjd leku erkfèkdkj osQ dkuwu us bl Øe dks iwjk fd;kA vkt dkWeu lHkk fo'o
osQ çtkrkfU=kd lnuksa esa ,d gSA

(vi) laln esa 'kfÙkQ dk LFkku&ifjorZu& laln&lEcUèkh nwljk fodkl dkWeu lHkk dh 'kfÙkQ dk c<+uk vkSj ykMZ
lHkk dh 'kfÙkQ esa ßkl FkkA 1911 bZ- osQ laln vfèkfu;e (Parliament Act, 1911) us budh cph&[kqph 'kfÙkQ dks
Nhu fy;kA vkt oLrqr% ;g nwljk lnu ugha cfYd ,d nwljs Øe dk lnu gks x;kA
(vii) jktuhfrd nyksa dk mn;& çfrfufèk ljdkj esa jktuhfrd ny dk mn; vo';EHkkoh gSA çFke çfrfufèk
ljdkj gksus osQ dkj.k loZçFke baXySaM esa gh jktuhfrd nyksa dk tUe gqvkA vV~Bkjgoha lnh rd fdlh ny dk
mn; ugha gks ik;k FkkA Økeosy osQ le; esa ^dSosfy;lZ* (Cavaliars) vkSj ^jkm.MgsM~l* (Roundheads)] pkYlZ
f}rh; osQ jkT;&dky esa ^dksVZ* (Court) vkSj ^daVªh* (Country)] ^LVqvVZ* ;qx osQ vUr esa ^fifV'kulZ*
(Petitioners) vkSj ^,HkksjlZ* (Abhorers) ijLij&fojksèkh xqV Fks] jktuhfrd ny ughaA fuf'pr fl¼kar] dk;ZØe
rFkk ikjLifjd lgu'khyrk jktuhfrd ny osQ fy, vko';d gS ftudh bu nyksa esa deh FkhA bu vkèkkjksa ij ^fàx
(Whing) ^Vksjh* (Tory) nyksa dks jktuhfrd nyksa dk çkjafHkd :i ekuk tk ldrk gSA vBkjgoha vkSj mUuhloha
'krkCnh esa efU=ke.My i¼fr osQ fodkl osQ lkFk nyksa dk Hkh fodkl gqvkA mnkj ny vkSj vuqnkjoknh ny jktuhfrd
O;oLFkk osQ osQUæ cu x;sA vktdy etnwj ny vkSj vuqnkjoknh ny çeq[k jktuhfrd ny gSaA

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