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fJekJh^9L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk^fBnKgkfbek
fJekJh^9L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk^fBnKgkfbek
fJekJh^9L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk^fBnKgkfbek
fJekJh^9L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk^fBnKgkfbek
;zftXkB d[nkok gqshpzfXs j? iK BjhA iK ;zftXkB d[nkok gqd~s nfXekoK dk nfseqwD eod/ jB iK BØN
BjhA.fJ~E/ fJj :kd o~yDk ukjhdk j? fe fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD dk nfXeko f;oc ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs Bz{
jh gqkgs BjhA j?, pbfe j'o ;zxh ndkbsK Bz{ th fd~sk frnk j?.
T[sgshL
T[sgshL ;zftXkB ft~u nfijk e'Jh T[gbpX BjhA i' ;zxh fBnKgkfbek Bz{ ;kc s"o s/ fBnKfJe
T[sgshL
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g[Boftb'eD dk nfXeko gqdkB eodk j't/. gqzs{ fJ; dh T[sgsh dk ;o's ;zftXkB d/ T[gpzXK ft~u fBfjs
fwbdk j? ns/ ;zftXkB fBowksktK dh fJ~Sk s'A gqeN j[zdk j?. ;zftXkB okPNoh ;ot^T[Zusk (National
Supermacy) d/ f;XKs Bz{ wkBsk fdzdk j? fi; d/ nB[;ko okPNoh ;zftXkB d/ ftgohs iK j'o fe;/ th
ekoi Bz{ t?fXe wkBsk BjhA fd~sh ikt/rh. ;zftXkB dh Xkok 6 yzv 8 ft~u fejk frnk j? fe ;zftXkB ns/
fJ; d/ nzsors fBofws ;z:[es oki ft~u i~i UBK Bz{ wzBD bJh wip{o j'Dr/, UBK Bkb n;zrs oki d/
;zftXkB iK ftXhnK Bz{ BjhA. ;zftXkB d/ T[gpzXK s'A fJbktk ;zftXkB^fBowksktK ns/ ftxh tesktK B/ ;zxh
c?vofb;N
c?vofb;N
ndkbs dh fJ; Pesh dk ;woEB ehsk j?. j?fwbNB B/ ‘c?vofb;Nc?vofb;N
c?vofb;N’ d/ ;gPN PpdK ft~u fejk j? fe
ftXh dk fBotkuB ndkbsK dk ftP/P ns/ w[~y eos~t j?. fpnov th ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs ns/ ;zftXkB
(The Supreme court the constitution) fcbkv/bchnk^;zw/bB d/ gqshfBXhnK d/ ftukoK dk ftPb/PD
eoD s'A pknd fJ;/ Bshi/ s/ gj[zudk j?. w[~y i~i wkoPb fJ; f;XKs d/ ;G s'A t~v/ ;woEe ns/ gqshgkde
j' rJ/ jB. UBK B/ fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD d/ f;XKs dk gqshgkdB jh BjhA ehsk, pbfe T[; Bz{ nwoheh
wkBpoh pBkw
wkBpoh pBkw
fBnKftt;Ek dh fJ~e nub ns/ nNb gozgok pDk fd~sk. UBK B/ 1803 JhH ft~u gqf;~X wkBpoh pBkwwkBpoh pBkw
wkBpoh pBkw
w?fv;B
w?fv;B
w?fv;B Bkwe w[~edw/ dk fBoDk fdzd/ j'J/ d~f;nk fe ;zftXkB g{o/ d/P dh ;ot^T[Zu ftXh j? ns/ i~iK
w?fv;B
w?fv;B
dk fJj gqw[~y eos~t j? fe Uj T[;/ d/ nB[o{g fBoDk d/D. id'A ed/ eKro; d[nkok gkfos e'Jh nfXfB:w
iK ;ftXh d/P dh ;ot^T[Zu ftXh noEks f;XKs d/ fto[~X j't/, sK ndkbs dk fJj ;gPN eos~t j' ikdk
j? fe Uj ;zftXkB Bz{ gqEw ;EkB d/t/.
fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD dk gqGkt
fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD dk gqGkt
fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD dk gqGkt
fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD dk gqGkt
fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD dk gqGkt (Effects of Judicial Review): fBnKfJe g[Boftb"eD dh Pesh
fJ~e ;kXkoD Pesh BjhA j?, pbfe nwohek d/ okiBhfse ihtB T[Zs/ fJ; dk ekch ;zftXkfBe gqGkt fgnk.
;ot^T[Zu ndkbs nwoheh ;zftXkfBe g~Xsh dh ;zo~fyne jh BjhA j? pbfe fJ; B/ ;zftXkB Bz{ gfotofss
ehsk j? ns/ ;w/A d/ nB[;ko T[; Bz{ fJ~e BthA fdPk gqdkB ehsh j?. fJ; Pesh d/ nkXko s/ jh ;ot^T[Zu
ndkbsK B/ fBnKfJe ;ot'gkfosk d/ f;XKs Bz{ nfXPfms ehsk j?. 14 t/A ;zP'XB d/ nzsors ekBz{B dh
T[fus gqfeqnk T[gpzX dh ftnkfynk fJ; B/ fj; soK ehsh fe gq'H e'othB d/ PpdK ft~u oki d/ ekBz{B Bz{
fBfPX eoD dh ;t?Pesh fJ; Bz{ fwb rJh. fJ; soK fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD d/ nfXeko B/ eKro; ns/
oki ftXkB wzvbK dh s[bBk ft~u ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs Bz{ fdqV pDkfJnk. fJ; nfXeko dk d{ik ;zftXkfBe
gqGkt fJj ;h fe oki dh s[bBk ft~u ;zx dh ;fEsh fdqV j' rJh. w?e[bw pBkw w?ohb?Av, 1819 JhH (Mc.
Culloch Vs. Maryland) ft~u ;ot^T[Zu ndkbsK B/ eKro; dk oki ftXkB d/ fto[~X p?Ae dh ;EkgBk
eoD dk nfXeko gqdkB ehsk, ukj/ ;zftXkB ft~u ekro; Bz{ nfijk ;gPN nfXeko gqkgs BjhA j?. frpz;
pBkw nkrv/B, 1824 JhH (Gibbons Vs. Ogden) ft~u ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs B/ eKro; Bz{ fB:fws eoD
dk g{oD nfXeko fd~sk. pqkT{B pBkw w?ohb?Av (Brown Vs.Maryland) 1827 JhH d/ fBoD/ d[nkok
;ot^T[Zu ndkbs B/ ftd/Ph tgko Bz{ ;zukfbs eoD dk nfXeko okPNoh ;oeko Bz{ d/ fd~sk. fJ; soK
;ot^T[Zu ndkbs B/ tgko, tkfDi ns/ ft~s d/ y/so ft~u okPNoh ;oeko d/ j~E Bz{" pj[s fdqV pDk fd~sk
j?. fJ; d/ Bkb Bkb fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD d[nkok oki d/ nfXeko dh o~fynk eoD ft~u th ;jkfJsk gqdkB
ehsh rJh j?. Nq/v ;ekN pBkw ;/Bc/ov, 1857 JhH (Tred Scott Vs. Sanford) ft~u ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs
B/ eKro; d/ ekBz{B Bz{ nt?X x'fPs ehsk ns/ fw;oh oki d/ nfXeko d/ nzsors ;kotifBe ;[o~fynk,
iB^efbnkD, ;tk;E, B?fsesk nkfd ;wkfie ftP/ nkUAd/ jB. fJBK d/ ;zpzX ft~u ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs
B/ fJ~e o{g Bhsh BjhA ngDkJh. w[B pBkw fJfbBtkfJ; 1877 JhH (Munn Vs. llinois) ft~u T[; B/
fJfbBtkfJ; oki dh ftXh Bz{ t?X x'fPs ehsk ns/ b'uBo pBkw fBT{:koe, 1905 JhH (Lochner Vs.
Newyork) ft~u ezw d/ ;w/A Bz{ gqsh fdB d; xzN/ ;hfws eo d/D d/ ekBz{B Bz{ nt?X eoko fd~sk. ;wkfie
ftXkB y/so ft~u ;zxh ;oeko d/ nfXeko Bz{ th fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD B/ gqGkfts ehsk j? ns/ fJ~E/ th
;ot^T[Zu ndkbs dk fdqPNhe'D ;dk fJ~e ;wkB BjhA fojk j?. fJ~e gk;/ sK T[; B/ eKro; Bz{ eo brkUD
ns/ tkfDi Bz{ fB:fws eoD dh S{N fd~sh ns/ d{i/ gk;/ eJh ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ftXhnK Bz{ o~d ehsk.

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