Page 223 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN j?Awo pBkw v/iBjoN, 1913 JhH (Hummer Vs. Dsagenhert) ft~u ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs B/ eKro; d/ fJ~e
ekBz{B Bz{ nt?X x'fPs ehsk fi; d/ d[nkok T[; B/ pkb^wId{oh Bkb T[sgkfds t;sK Bz{ tkfDi s'A fBPekfPs
eoD dh e'fPP ehsh. fco 1922 JhH ft~u p/bh pBkw vqe;/b coBhuo ezgBh (Bailve Vs. Drexel
Furniture Company) Bkwe w[~edw/ ft~u ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs B/ pkb^wId{oh Bz{ T[Bw{fbs eoD dh e'fPP
Bz{ ftcb ehsk. ;wkfie^nkofEe ftXkfJB Bz{ ftcb eoD dh ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs dh gqftq~sh 1893^1896
JhH ft~u fPyo s/ gj[zu rJh, id'A T[;B/ nkofEe ;zeN Bz{ d{o eoD d/ T[d/P Bkb fBofws, 13 ekBz{B Bz{
nt?X x'fPs ehsk fiBK ft~u okPNoh T[d:'fre g[BoihtB nfXfB:w (National industrial Recovery
Act) ns/ y/sh ;zs[bB nfXfB:w gqw[~y ;B. ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs d/ g[Boftb'eD d/ nfXeko d/ fto[~X
nzd'bB T[Zm yVk j'fJnk gqzs{ 1937 JhH s'A pknd ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs d/ o[y ft~u wjkB gfotosB j'fJnk
ns/ T[; B/ T[dk; fdqPNhe'D ngDkfJnk.
;ot^T[Zu ndkbs d/ fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD d/ nfXeko d/ ekoieoD d/ fttoD s'A T[; dh wj~ssk ;kc
j' iKdh j?. i~iK B/ e/tb ;zftXkB dh nkswk ns/ GkPk dk jh fBotkuB BjhA ehsk j? pbfe UBK B/ BhshnK
dk th fBoXkoD ehsk j?.UBK B/ ;zftXkB ft~u eqKshekoh gfotosB fbnKdk j?. ns/ T[; Bz{ BthA fdPk
gqdkB ehsh j?. fJ; bJh fJBK Bz{ ;zftXkB dk BtK fBowksk fejk frnk j?. i;fN; jki{ B/ mhe jh fejk
j? fe nwoheB iBsk ;zftXkB d/ nXhB Io{o ofjzdh j?. ;zftXkB Ujh j? I' i~i efjzd/ jB. I;fN; cq?Ae
B/ sK fJ~E'A s~e fejk j? fe “;ot^T[Zu ndkbs ;zftXkB j?.”
fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD dh nkb'uBk
fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD dh nkb'uBk (Criticism of Judicial Review) L L L L L ;zxh ndkbsK d/ fBnKfJe
fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD dh nkb'uBk
fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD dh nkb'uBk
fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD dh nkb'uBk
g[Boftb'eD d/ ftg~y ft~u nB/eK soe fd~s/ ikd/ jB^
) T[fus ezwK s'A d[okt L
) T[fus ezwK s'A d[okt L
) T[fus ezwK s'A d[okt L
( ( ( ( (i) T[fus ezwK s'A d[okt L ) T[fus ezwK s'A d[okt L e[M nkb'ueK dk efjDk j? fe fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD nfXeko d/ ubd/
;ot^T[Zu ndkbs nkgD/ w"fbe ezwK Bz{ eoBk G[~b rJh. Uj fttkdK dk fBgNkok BjhA eodh j?, pbfe
T[; dk w[~y ezw ;wkfie ns/ okiBhfse BhshnK d/ fBoXkoD ft~u j~E tzvkUDk j' frnk. T[; B/
ftXkBgkfbek d/ ekoiK Bz{ ngDk fbnk j? fiBK d/ ubd/ iBsk dh gqshfBXh ;Gk iBsk dh fJ~Sk Bz{ ;[szso
o{g ft~u ftnes BjhA eo ;edh j?.Uj iBsk dh ;kXkoD fJ~Sk Bz{ ftXh d/ o{g ft~u ;[szsoskg{ote
nfGftnes BjhA eo ;edh j?. T[; d/ ekoiK Bz{ fBnKgkfbek B/ jfEnk fbnk j? I' gqikszsokswe ftt;Ek
pq'r/B B/ mhe jh fejk j? fe ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs ekoigkfbek ns/ ftXkBgkfbek
pq'r/B
dk ;t;E fu~so BjhA j?. pq'r/B pq'r/B
pq'r/B
d/ ekoiK Bz{ fJ~e shi/ ;dB d/ o{g ft~u fB:zsfos eoD b~rk.
) ;zehoD i~i L
( ( ( ( (ii) ;zehoD i~i L) ;zehoD i~i L
) ;zehoD i~i L i~iK Bz{ dbh ftukoXkoktK s'A T[Zgo ofjDk ukjhdk j?. UBK Bz{ ;dk ;u/s ofjDk ukjhdk
) ;zehoD i~i L
j? fe UBK dk ftneshrs iK ;wkfie ns/ okiBhfse fdqPNhe'D fBnK^;zpzXh fBoD/ Bz{ gqGkfts eo/. UBK
Bz{ fBog~y ns/ ;[szso j'Dk ukjhdk j?. ns/ fi~E/ s~e ;zGt j' ;e/, t?fXe fdqPNhe'D Bz{ ngBkUDk ukjhdk
j?. gqzs{ nwohek d/ i~iK d/ fto[~X fJj fejk ikdk j? fe UBK dh fB:[esh db ftP/P d/ nkXko s/ j[zdh j?.
ns/ UBK d/ fBoD/ ftP/P okiBhfse ns/ ;wkfie ftukoXkoktK Bkb gqGkfts j[zd/ jB. fJ; bJh ;ot^T[Zu
phH
ndkbs dk fBoDk ed/ T[dko j[zdk, sK ed/ ;zehoD, ed/ ;zx d/ g~y ft~u ns/ ed/ oki d/ g~y ft~u. phHphH
phH
phH
r/s;
r/s; dk efjDk j? fe i~uK d/ ftuko T[;/ soK gfotosBPhb jB, fi; soK Bebh f;be d/ ozr
r/s;
r/s;
r/s;
gfotosBPhb jB. Uj okiBhfse X[~g d/ ekoD ibd jh pdb ikd/ jB.
;ekokswe oki d/ fto[~XL
;ekokswe oki d/ fto[~XL
(iii) ;ekokswe oki d/ fto[~XL;ekokswe oki d/ fto[~XL pj[s ;ko/ nkb'ueK dk ws j? fe fBnKfJe g[Boftb'eD dh gqDkbh
;ekokswe oki d/ fto[~XL
nkX[fBe ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ;GktK d/ bJh nD^T[g:[es j?. i~i nkw s"o s/ ;zgzB tor d/ j[zd/
jB. Uj fBfjs ;tkoEK dk ;zo~fynD eod/ jB. cb;o{g gqrshPhb ns/ b'eszsokswe fto'XhnK dk
fto'X eod/ jB. fJ; Bkb ;ekoswe oki dk ftek; BjhA j' gkUAdk. bk;eh B/ fJ; nkb'uBk dk
I'odko ;woEB ehsk.
n;ktXkB ns/ nD^T[ZsodkJh eKro; L
(iv) n;ktXkB ns/ nD^T[ZsodkJh eKro; L n;ktXkB ns/ nD^T[ZsodkJh eKro; L ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs g[Boftb'eD d/ nkXko s/ eKro;
n;ktXkB ns/ nD^T[ZsodkJh eKro; L
n;ktXkB ns/ nD^T[ZsodkJh eKro; L
w?ApoK d[nkok ;ys fwjBs s'A pknd gkfos ftXh Bz{ BPN eo fdzdk j?. cb;o{g iBsk d/ gqshfBXhnK
dh e'fPP dk e'Jh ;keko cb BjhA fB~eb gkUAdk. fJ; bJh ekBz{B fBowkD d/ ;zpX ft~u ;ktXkBh BjhA
tosd/ ns/ Uj nkgDh fIzw/dkoh Bz{ wfj;{; BjhA eod/. fco Uj fBPfus o{g Bkb nkgD/ okiBhfse Nhu/
Bz{ gqkgs eoD ft~u n;cb j' ikd/ jB.
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