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fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
tkbk oki wzBd/ jB. fJ; bJh db ftt;Ek Bk ;zfynkswe b~SD Bkb gfoGkfPs ehsh ik ;edh j?, ns/ BØN
Bk jh fJ; dk fBotkuB gqsh:'frsk d/ Bkb f;~Xk ;zpzX i'fVnk ik ;edk j?.
10H1 dbh ftt;Ek dk noE ns/ torheoD
10H1
10H1
10H1 dbh ftt;Ek dk noE ns/ torheoD dbh ftt;Ek dk noE ns/ torheoD
10H1 dbh ftt;Ek dk noE ns/ torheoD dbh ftt;Ek dk noE ns/ torheoD (Meaning and Classification
of Party System)
db ftt;Ek dk n~ie~b ftnkge noE ft~u gq:'r ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; ft~u dbK dh ;zfynk, ;zouBk,
ftukoXkok, UBK dk gko;gfoesk nkfd nB/eK b~SDK dk nkXko fbnk ikD b~rk j?. db ftt;EktK d/
torheoD^nkXkoK d/ ftt/uB Bkb db ftt;Ek dk noE j'o th ;gPN j' ikt/rk.
bk gkbzpkok B/ db ftt;Ek d/ gqeko dk fBoXkoD eod/ ;w/A okiBhfse dbK d/ fBwBfbfys b~SDK dk ;zdoG
Io{oh wzfBnk j?^
(1) okiBhfse db dhnK ftP/PsktK ns/ b~SD,
(2) dbK d/ nkg;h ;zpzX,
(3) db iK dbK dk ;wki d/ j'o ftq~sK Bkb ;zpzX, ns/
(4) dbK dh feqnkftnzpsk Bz{ gqGkfts eoD tkb/ s~s.
db ftt;EktK Bz{ fJ; nkXko s/ torhfeqs ehsk ik ;edk j?. bk g'bzpkok ns/ wkJh;B thBo B/ fJ;/ nkXko
Bz{ b? e/ db ftt;EktK dhnK d' w'NhnK Pq/DhnK dk T[b/y ehsk j?. UBK d/ nB[;ko db ftt;EktK Bz{ d'
gqeko^ gqsh:'rh db ftt;EktK ns/ ngqsh:'rh db ftt;EktK^ft~u tzfvnk ik ;edk j?.
j?oh n?e;NhB B/ db ftt;EktK d/ fszB fB:kwe gqw[~y wzB/ jB. UBK d/ nB[;ko fe;/ db Bz{ e/tb ;zfynk
d/ nkXko s/ fe;/ db ftt;Ek ft~u o~yDk T[g:[es BjhA j?. fJ;/ soK Uj e/tb fBotkuB gqsh:'frsk Bz{
th dbK Bz{, db ftt;EktK ft~u torhfeqs eoD dk m'; nkXko BjhA wzBdk j?. T[; d/ nB[;ko dbK Bz{ db
ftt;EktK ft~u torhfeqs eod/ ;w/A fBwBfbfys r~bK dk nkXko o~yDk nfXe soe;zrs j?^
(1) ;kXkoD okiBhfse ftt;Ek ns/ T[; dhnK T[g^;zouBktK,
(2) ;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;z;feqsh, ns/
(3) db dk fJfsjk;.
n?e;NhB dk wzBDk j? fe db ftt;EktK Bz{, okiBhsh dh ftnkge ns/ T[;d/ j'o gfjb{nK d/ gqsh UBK
dh nB[feqnkswesk d/ ;zdoG ft~u jh ;wfMnk ik ;edk j/. fJ;/ soK db ftt;EktK Bz{, ;wkfie ;z;feqfse
PeshnK d/ okiBhfse ;z:[ese d/ ;kXB d/ o{g ft~u d/fynk ik ;edk j?. okiBhfse db dk nshs th
T[;dh db ftt;Ek ftP/P ft~u o~yD dk nkXko pDkfJnk ik ;edk j?. bzp/ nshs tkb/ okiBhfse db dhnK
rshftXhnK nshs d/ ;zdoG s'A fB:fws ofjzdhnK jB. nfij/ db dk ekoi wkor pj[s e[M fBPfus ofjD
d/ ekoD fdPk fBod/P dh ywsk gq;s[s eo fdzdk j?. fJ; gqeko, n?e;NhB B/ db ftt;EktK Bz{ nfsnkfXe
ftnkge ;zdoG ft~u o~y e/ jh torhfeqs eoD dk ;[Mkn fd~sk j?.
;koN'oh B/ th ftt;EktK d/ torheoD ft~u e/tb ;zfynk jh d/ nkXko Bz{ GqKshg{oD fejk j?. T[;B/ dbK
d/ torheoD ft~u, fJBK d/ ftukfoe ck;b/, ftukfoe T[Zrosk ns/ ;~sk ekb iK T[;d/ ;~sk ft~u nkUD
dh ;zGktBk Bz{ fXnkB ft~u o~yD dh r~b ejh j?. T[;d/ nB[;ko db ftt;Ek d/ o{g dk fBoXkoD eod/
;w/A dbK dh ;zfynk dk nkXko S~fvnk BjhA ik ;edk j?, gqzs{ e/tb ;zfynk dk jh nkXko b?Dk r[wokj j'Dk
j?. fJ; bJh T[;B/ db ftt;EktK dk torheoD eoD bJh fsqw[yh nkXko gqshgkfds ehsk j?. fJj fsqw[yh
nkXko j?^
(1) okiBhfse dbK dh ;zfynk,
(2) dbK dh ftukXkok dh gqfeqsh, ns/
(3) dbK ft~u ftyzvB dh wksok (fragmentation).
;koN'oh db gqDkbhnK d/ torheoD ft~u ;zfynk d/ nkXko Bz{ GqKshg{oD wzB e/ th fJ; nkXko Bz{ fsnkrD
s'A fJBeko eodk j?. T[;dk efjDk j? fe dbK dh ;zfynk nkgD/ nkg ft~u dbK d/ b~SD gqeN eoD tkbh
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