Page 249 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN ;wMkUD ft~u ;jkfJe j[zdh j?. fJ; bJh gqsh:'rh g~XshnK d/ T[go'es T[g^ftGkiB dbK dh ;zouBk,
dbK dh ekoi ftXh ns/ dbK d/ okiBhfse ftt;Ek d/ ;zpzXK d/ pko/ ft~u ftnkge ikDekoh d/D tkb/ ej/
ik ;ed/ jB.
(y) ngqsh:'rh db gqDkbhnK
(y) ngqsh:'rh db gqDkbhnK (The non-competitive party systems) ^ ^ ^ ^ fJ~e dbh g~XshnK ft~u
(y) ngqsh:'rh db gqDkbhnK
(y) ngqsh:'rh db gqDkbhnK ^
(y) ngqsh:'rh db gqDkbhnK
nkw s"o s/ u[Bkth gqsh:'frsk dk nGkt ofjzdk j?. fJ~e db gqshwkB gfoGkPk s'A jh nkfXgsh gqeko dk
j[zdk j?, gqzs{ fJj ;zGt j? fe w"i{dk fJ~e db gfo;fEsh nBzsL gqsh:'rh pD ikt/. bk gkbzpkok ns/ thBo
d/ nB[;ko ‘okPNoh J/eheoD dh ;EkgBk, ng/fynkfeqs nkX[fBe noEftt;Ek dk ftek; ns/ j'o
wj~stg{oD ;w~f;nktK ns/ wzrK d/ g{oD j'D s/ okiBhfse nkX[fBeheoD dhnK ;[Gkfte PeshnK eJh tko
fJ~e db gfo;fEsh ft~u gqsh:'rh dbK dh nt;Ek gqsh;Ekfgs eo fdzdh j?, fezs{ fJ~e db g~XshnK dh
;zouBk, ekoiftXh ns/ nrtkJh fJzBh em'o j[zdh j?, fe j'o db dh T[sgsh BjhA j'D fd~sh ikdh. fJ;
bJh ngqsh:'rh db gqDkbhnK ft~u fJ~e db iK nfXe dbK dk j'Dk jh fto'XkGk; j?. t?;/ fJ~e db d/ j[zd/
j'J/ th fJBK g~XshnK ft~u gfonkgs nzso gkJ/ iKd/ jB. bk gkb'zpkok ns/ thBo B/ ngqsh:'rh db
gqDkbhnK ft~u fszB T[g^Pq/DhnK eo e/ fJBK Bz{ fszB gqeko dk jh wzfBnk j?. fJj fszB gqeko fBwBfbfys
jB^

(1) fJ~e db fBoze[Psk g~Xsh
(2) fJ~e db pj[btkdh g~Xsh
(3) fJ~e db ;otkfXekoh g~Xsh
fJ~e db fBoze[Psk g~Xsh ft~u, fJ~e nyzfvs iK J/ekP (monolithic) ftukoXkok nkw[yh ns/ n;otkfXekoh
db ;zg{oD okiBhfse ftt;Ek s/ SkfJnk ofjzdk j?. fJ; gqeko dh db g~Xsh ft~u fto'Xh w?ApoK Bz{
eqKshekoh iK okPNotkdh fBfwsK d/ gqsh d/Pdq'jh ns/ ;[o~fynk ns/ J/esk d/ bJh ysok efj e/ dpk fd~sk
iKdk j?. fJ; soK dhnK g~XshnK ft~u okPNo d/ rzst ns/ fJ~SktK fJ~e jh db Bkb w/bi'b o~ydhnK jB.
nkw s"o s/ nfijh db g~Xsh ft~u db ns/ okPNo dk fJ~e jh uwsekfoe ftnesh fB:zsoD ns/ fBod/
PB j[zdk j?. cq?Ae' (Franco) d/ ;w/A ;g/B, J/eeqwk d/ ;w/A xkBk, dkJhw (Diem) d/ ;w/A d~yD thnsBkw
ns/ toswkB ;w/A ft~u feT{pk, powk ns/ wkbh fij/ d/PK ft~u fJ~e db fBoze[Psk g~Xsh gkJh iKdh j?.
fJ~e db pj[btkdh g~Xsh tkb/ d/P noX^fBoze[P j[zd/ jB. fJBK ft~u fJ~e db nfijk j[zdk j?, i' ;zrmB
ft~u pj[btkdh fdqPNhe'D ft~u em'o ftukoe d/ ;EkB s/ s~Ekswe ns/ j'o ;w{jK Bz{ fBPm[osk Bkb ysw
eoD dh pikJ/ nkgD/ ft~u nksw;ks eoD tkbk j[zdk j?. fJ~e db fBoze[Psk g~Xsh Bkb fJj db g~Xsh
fJ; r~b ft~u fGzBsk o~ydh j? fe fJ; ft~u ftukoe fdqPNhe'D dh pikJ/ s~Ekswe fdqPNhe'D dk nB[gkbB
j[zdk j?. w?ef;e', ;/B/rb, nkJhtoh e';N ns/ e/w/bB ft~u nfijhnK jh db g~XshnK ft~fdnkwkB jB.
fJ~e db ;otkfXeko g~Xsh ft~u oki J/ekPw db d/ j~E ft~u :zso wkso j[zdk j?. fJ; gqeko dh g~Xsh
ft~u db J/ekfXekoh jh BjhA j[zdk j? pbfe ;wki dh nkofEe ftt;Ek ns/ ;wkfie ftt;Ek d/ g[BormB
d/ bJh gow ;~sk dk T[g:'r th eodk j?. fJ; d/ d[nkok jh fJ~e ftukoe rzst dh ftnkfynk j[zdh j?.
uhB, o{;, T[Zsoh e'ohnk ns/ g{oth :{og d/ ;kwtkdh okiK ft~u fJ~e db ;otkfXeko g~XshnK jB.

bk gkb'Apkok ns/ thBo B/ db g~XshnK dk torheoD eod/ ;w/A d' fdqPNhe'D ngDk e/, db g~XshnK d/
torheoD Bz{ rfsnkswe pDkfJnk j?. UBK B/ okiBhfse dbK Bz{ ;wkfie, nkofEe ns/ okiBhfse
gfotosBK dh gqfeqnk d/ gqshcb d/ o{g ft~u d/yD dh e'fPP ehsh j?. fJ; soK UBK B/ okiBhfse dbK
Bz{ okiBhfse ftek; eoD tkbh ;[szso ;z;Ekrs skes d/ o{g ft~u o~yd/ j'J/ torhfeqs ehsk j?. fJ; ekoD
fJBK dk torheoD :EkoEtkdh, rfsnkswesk :[es ns/ ftnkgesw j?, gqzs{ fJ; torheoD ft~u J/Bk
nfXe buhbkgD j?, fe fJ~e jh db nb~r nb~r gfo;fEshnK ft~u nb~r nb~r gqeko dh db gqDkbh ft~u
torhfeqs ehsk ik ;edk j?. t?;/ e[M ftdtkBK dk efjDk j? fe bk gkb'Apkok ns/ thBo dk torheoD fJ;/
ftP/Psk d/ ekoD ;otPq/Pm pD iKdk j?. fJj torheoD ngqsh:'rh db g~Xshnk d/ fszB gqeko pDk e/
fJ~e db g~XshnK ft~u ftnkgs nzsoK dk uzrk ;gPNheoD th eo fdzdk j?. fJ; bJh g~XshnK dk fJj
torheoD ;zs'PiBe wzfBnk ik ;edk j?. db g~XshnK d/ torheoD d/ T[go'es ftt/uB s'A ;gPN j[zdk

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