Page 247 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN okPNogsh u[Bkt BjhA jkfonk j?. gqzs{ fJj nkgD/ wj~stjhD gqshfd_zdh, gkfsod' J/f;UA B/PBb (PAN)
Bz{ u[BktK ft~u jo ;so s/ N~eo b?D fdzdk j?.Gkos ns/ w?ef;e' dh s[bBk db g~XshnK dhnK e[M
efmBkJhnK t~b ;ze/s eodh j?.fJBK d'jK d/PK ft~u gqGkth db ns/ u[Bkth gqsh:'frsk j?, fco th
gqsh:'rh dbK T[Zs/ eKro; dk fB:zsoD ghH J/H T[Zs/ ghH nkoH nkJhH d/ fB:zsoD s'A x~N j?.
(6)
fJ~e dbh g~XshnK
(6) fJ~e dbh g~XshnK
(6) fJ~e dbh g~XshnK dh ;jh gfoGkPk eoBk w[Pfeb j?. fJ; Pq/Dh ft~u fw;o s'A b? e/ sBikBhnk s~e
(6)
(6) fJ~e dbh g~XshnKfJ~e dbh g~XshnK
o~y/ ik ;ed/ jB. fw;o ft~u ;wkitkdh ;zx dk fBowkD eqKshekoh ftfPPN tor B/ ;oeko Bz{ ftnkge
iB^;woEB d[nkUD bJh ehsk ;h. sBikBhnk ft~u fJ~e jh db, sBikBhnk ncoheh okPNoh, ;zx d/
nzdo r[NK ft~u fy~uskD ns/ u[Bkth gqsh:'frsk d/ bJh fJikIs ofjzdh j?. ehBhnk fJ~e dbh g~Xsh dk
T[dkjoD wzfBnk ik ;edk j?.P/y w[ihp d/ ;w/A ft~u pzrbkd/P ns/ toswkB ft~u powk th fJ~e dbh
g~XshnK d/ gqtor ft~u o~y/ ik ;ed/ jB. fJBK g~XshnK ft~u u[Bkth gqsh:'frsk dk g{oh soK nGkt
BjhA j[zdk j?. db ft~u jh r[N, u[Bkth fy~uskD eoD dh e[M e[M S{N o~yd/ jB.
(7) ;otkfXekoh db g~XshnK ;otkfXekoh db g~XshnK
(7) ;otkfXekoh db g~XshnK Bz{ fJ~e dbh g~XshnK s'A eJh r~bK ft~u fGzB gkUAd/ jK. fJBK g~XshnK
(7) ;otkfXekoh db g~XshnK
(7)
(7) ;otkfXekoh db g~XshnK
ft~u ;wkfie, nkofEe ns/ okiBhfse ;feqnsk d/ ;G gfjb{nK T[Zs/ db dk nfsnkfXe fB:zsoD
ofjzdk j?.fJBK ft~u gqGkth ftukoXkok s/ pb fd~sk iKdk j? ns/ e/tb Pk;e db d/ j~EK ft~u jh
okiBhfse nfGiBK dh Gosh j[zdh j?.o{;, uhB, g{oth iowBh ns/ j'o ;kwtkdh d/PK ft~u ;otkfXekoh
fJ~e dbh gqDkbhnK gkJhnK iKdhnK jB.
n?bB pkb d/ d[nkok ehsk frnk torheoD ftnkge ns/ rfsnkswe j[zd/ j'J/ th ;hfws T[g:'frsk o~ydk
j?. fJj torheoD dh pj[s pkohe :'iBk j[zd/ j'J/ th ;kXkoD fBu'VK s/ gj[zuD ft~u ;jkfJe BjhA j?.fJ;
Bkb db g~XshnK d/ nzsors j'D tkb/ ifNb gfotosBK dh g[PmG{wh dk ;ze/s th BjhA fwbdk j?.fJj
r~b ;jh j? fe db g~XshnK d/ nzsors j'D tkb/ gfotosBK dk fBoXkoD ifNb j[zdk j?, ns/ fJBK
gfotosBK Bz{ nb~r nb~r eo e/ ;wMkUDk efmB j?, fco th torheoD dhnK :'iBktK ft~u db g~XshnK
dh rfsnkswe skesK dh nDd/yh BjhA ehsh ik ;edh. fJ; bJh db ftt;EktK d/ torheoD dh pj[s
pkohe :'iBktK d/ w[ekpb/ ft~u w'NhnK iK ;kXkoD :'iBktK fJ; ekoD Pq/Pmso j' iKdhnK jB, feUAfe,
UBK ft~u db dhnK ;zouBktK d/ rfsnkswe gfjb{nK dk ;wkt/P ;zGt j[zdk j?. fJ; soK d/ torheoD
dh :'iBk bk gkbzpkok ns/ wkJhBo thBo d/ d[nkok g/P ehsh rJh j?.

B'N; n?bB pkb d/ d[nkok ehsk frnk torheoD ftnkge ns/ rfsnkswe j[zd/ j'J/ th ;hfws
T[g:'frsk o~ydk j?.

bk gkbzpkok ns/ thBo dk torheoD
bk gkbzpkok ns/ thBo dk torheoD
bk gkbzpkok ns/ thBo dk torheoD
bk gkbzpkok ns/ thBo dk torheoD
bk gkbzpkok ns/ thBo dk torheoD (La Palombara and Myron Weiner’s
Classificaton):
db ftt;EktK dk torheoD eJh j'o nkXkoK s/ th ehsk ik ;edk j?. bk gkb’zpkok ns/ thBo B/ db
gqDkbhnK Bz{ u[Bkth gqsh:'frsk d/ nkXko s/ torhfeqs ehsk j?. fJBK B/ UBK okiBhfse dbK Bz{ i' u[Bkth
gqsh:'frsk ft~u ;[szsoskg{ote Pkfwb ofjzd/ jB, gqsh:'frskswe db g~Xsh dh Pq/Dh ft~u ns/ UBK dbK
iK db Bz{, fiBK ft~u nfijh gqsh:'frsk dk nGkt j[zdk j?, gqsh:'frskswe db g~Xsh dh Pq/Dh ft~u o~fynk
j?.fJBK d'jK gqeko dhnK db g~XshnK dk t~y t~y toDB fJ; soK j?^
(e) gqsh:'rh db gqDkbhnK (The competitive party systems)^ ^^ ^ gqsh:'rh db gqDkbh dh
(e) gqsh:'rh db gqDkbhnK ^
(e) gqsh:'rh db gqDkbhnK
(e) gqsh:'rh db gqDkbhnK
(e) gqsh:'rh db gqDkbhnK
ftnkfynk eod/ j'J/ bk gkb'wzpkok ns/ thBo B/ fbfynk j? fe, “gqsh:'rh db gqDkbh ft~u ;~sko{V db
iK dbK dk fwfbnk i[fbnk rmpzXB nkgD/ nkg Bz{ ;oeko d/ fB:zsoe d/ o{g ft~u o~yD bJh gqsh:'rh
tksktoD ft~u ;zxoPPhb ofjzdk j?.nfij/ tksktoD d/ bJh Io{oh j? fe i' ;~sk s'A pkjo j?, Uj fpBk
fjz;k dk ;jkok bJ/ ;~sk d/ nzdo tkfbnK Bz{ f;XKse ns/ ftfXe o{g Bkb fbnk ;e/. Gkos, wb/Phnk,
Pqhbzek, nwohek, eBkvk, nk;No/bhnk ns/ g~Swh :{og d/ okiK ft~u nfijh jh db gqDkbh gkJh ikdh
j?. gqsh:'rh db gqDkbh ft~u ;kohnK d' dbh ns/ pj[dbh g~XshnK Pkfwb j[zdhnK jB.gqzs{ pkoheh Bkb

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