Page 95 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN n?;HghH towk B/ nkgDh g[;se wkvoB g'bhfNeb fEUohwkvoB g'bhfNeb fEUoh
wkvoB g'bhfNeb fEUoh ftu okiBhfse ;z;feqsh dh ntXkoDk dh
wkvoB g'bhfNeb fEUoh
wkvoB g'bhfNeb fEUoh
nkX[fBe okiBhfse f;XKs d/ ftek; ftu nfsnkfXe s/ wjs~tg{oB d/D wzBh iKdh j?. T[BQK d/ nB[;ko
okiBhfse ;z;feqsh d/ gqfs: d/ nkXko T[s/ ehs/ rJ/ nfXn?BK ftu nB/e r[D gfobyfPs j[zd/ jB, fiBQK
dk n;hA ;zy/g ftu T[b/y eo oj/ jK.
(e) frnkswe ;K;feqse fJekJh d/ o{g ftu ;zg{oB okiBhfse ftnt;Ek T[s/ fXnkB e/Afdqs
(e) frnkswe ;K;feqse fJekJh d/ o{g ftu ;zg{oB okiBhfse ftnt;Ek T[s/ fXnkB e/Afdqs
(e) frnkswe ;K;feqse fJekJh d/ o{g ftu ;zg{oB okiBhfse ftnt;Ek T[s/ fXnkB e/Afdqs
(e) frnkswe ;K;feqse fJekJh d/ o{g ftu ;zg{oB okiBhfse ftnt;Ek T[s/ fXnkB e/Afdqs
(e) frnkswe ;K;feqse fJekJh d/ o{g ftu ;zg{oB okiBhfse ftnt;Ek T[s/ fXnkB e/Afdqs
ehsk (
ehsk (
ehsk ( )–
ehsk (Focussed attention on the total political system as a dynamic cultural entity)– )–)– )–
ehsk (
n?;HghH towk dk nfGws j? fe okiBhfse ;z;feqsh d/ gqfs: s'A okiBhfse ;w[dkJ/ iK ;wki T[s/ fJe
frnkswe ;w{fjs ;~sk d/ o{g ftu nfXn?B eoB d/ bJh nkeofPs j'fJnk j?. fJ; Bkb ftnesh d/ ;EkB
T[s/ ;zg{oB okiBhfse ftnt;Ek nfXn?B dk e//Ado pfDnk j?. T[BQK dk efjDk j? fe ftntjkotkdh eqKsh
d/ Bkb jh okiBhsh ftfrnkB d/ ftdtkBK dk nfXn?B nfXekfXe t?nfese okiBhfse ftntjko T[s/
e/Afdqs j'D brk ;h ns/ okiBhsh ftfrnkB s/Ih Bkb wB'ftfrnkB d/ Bkb nfGfrnkfBs j'D bZrk ;h.
fJZE'A se fe ftnt;Ek fdqPNhe'N d/ ftek; d/ pknd th okiBhfse ftPb/PD fJe xNBk iK fJe fBoD/
Bz{ fJekJh d/ o{g ftu fXnkB s/ nfXn?B dk e/Ado pfDnk fojk ;h. fJj fJekJh fBoD/eosk, B/sk, wsdksk
iK ws Xkoe d/ o{g ftu okiBhfse ftPb/PD dk e/Ado pDh ojh ;h. fezs{ okiBhfse ;z;feqsh d/ gqfs:
s'A ;zg{oB okiBhfse ftnt;Ek, nfXn?B ftPb/PD dh fJekJh pD rJh.
(y) ftnPNh ns/ ;wPNh T[gkrwK Bz{ ;z:[es ehsk (
(y) ftnPNh ns/ ;wPNh T[gkrwK Bz{ ;z:[es ehsk (
(y) ftnPNh ns/ ;wPNh T[gkrwK Bz{ ;z:[es ehsk (Combined Micro and Macro approaches)–)– )–)– )–
(y) ftnPNh ns/ ;wPNh T[gkrwK Bz{ ;z:[es ehsk (
(y) ftnPNh ns/ ;wPNh T[gkrwK Bz{ ;z:[es ehsk (
okiBhfse ;z;feqsh fdqPNhe'D d/ fJ; r~b T[s/ pb d/D s/, fe ;zg{oB okiBhfse ftnt;Ek ftu gfotosD
ns/ fBozsosk dh frnkswesk dk nfXn?B ehsk ikJ/, ftnPNh ns/ ;wPNh nfXn?B B{z fwbkT[Dk io{oh j'
frnk. fJ; gqeko, okiBhfse ;z;feqsh fdqPNhe'D, ftnPNh ns/ ;wPNh T[gkrwK Bz{ ;z:[es eoB T[s/
i'o d/D d/ ekoD okiBhsh–Pk;so Bz{ j'o fInkdk g{oB ;wkfie ftfrnkB pDkT[D ftu ;jkfJe fojk j?.
(r) okiBhsh Pk;so dk ftP/ y/so ft;fsqs eoB ftu ;jkfJe (
(r) okiBhsh Pk;so dk ftP/ y/so ft;fsqs eoB ftu ;jkfJe (
(r) okiBhsh Pk;so dk ftP/ y/so ft;fsqs eoB ftu ;jkfJe (Helped the process of
(r) okiBhsh Pk;so dk ftP/ y/so ft;fsqs eoB ftu ;jkfJe (
(r) okiBhsh Pk;so dk ftP/ y/so ft;fsqs eoB ftu ;jkfJe (
broadening the scope of Political Science)–)– )–)– )–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh ftu, gqw[Zy s"o okiBhfse
;wkiheoD dk nfXn/b eoBk j[zdk j?. okiBhfse ;wkiheoD dh gqfeqnktK ftu Bk e/tb okiBhfse sZs
jh Pkwb ofjzd/ jb, fJ; ekoB, okiBhfse ;z;feqsh T[gkrw B/ okiBhsh Pk;sqhnK Bz{ T[BQK ;wkfie ns/
nkofEe ekoeK dk th nfXn?B eoB d/ bJh gq/fos ehsk, fi; Bkb fe;/ fdPk dh okiBhfse ;z;feqsh dk
o{g fBoXkfos j[zdk j?.
(x) ftntjko d/ p[~Xh;zrs ns/ nftteh fBnkweK d/ nfXn?B B{z ;z:[es ehsk (
(x) ftntjko d/ p[~Xh;zrs ns/ nftteh fBnkweK d/ nfXn?B B{z ;z:[es ehsk (
(x) ftntjko d/ p[~Xh;zrs ns/ nftteh fBnkweK d/ nfXn?B B{z ;z:[es ehsk (Combined
(x) ftntjko d/ p[~Xh;zrs ns/ nftteh fBnkweK d/ nfXn?B B{z ;z:[es ehsk (
(x) ftntjko d/ p[~Xh;zrs ns/ nftteh fBnkweK d/ nfXn?B B{z ;z:[es ehsk (
) –
) –
) –
the studyof Rational an Irrational Determinants of behaviours) –) – okiBhfse ;z;feqsh fdqPNhe'D
B/ ftneshnK dh feqnktK d/ p[~Xh;zrs ekoeK d/ nfXn?B d/ Bkb jh Bkb ftntjko d/ fInkdk r[gs
nftt/eh fBnkweK d/ nfXn?B Bz{ th gq's;kjB fd~sk j?. j[D okPNoh ufoZsq dk gqfs::, i' e[b fwbk e/
nkgD/ ftu ;E?fse ;h, ns/ Bt/A ;wkiK ftu okiBhfse ftntjko Bz{ ;wMD ftu fInkdk ;jkfJe BjhA
fojk ;h T[;d/ ;EkB T[s/ okiBhfse ;z;feqsh dh ntXkoDk dk T[g:'rh gqubB j' frnk. okiBhfse
;z;feqsh fdqPNhe'D s'A fJBQK ;wkiK ftu okiBhfse ftntjko T[s/ fInkdk uzrk gqekP gkT[Dk jh ;zGt BjhA
j'fJnk, ;r'A fJj nkB[Gkfte P'X d/ nkXko T[s/ eoBk ;zGt pfDnk.
(C) okiBhfse ftek; dh ftfGzB fdPktK d/ ;wMD ftu ;jkfJe (
(C) okiBhfse ftek; dh ftfGzB fdPktK d/ ;wMD ftu ;jkfJe (
(C) okiBhfse ftek; dh ftfGzB fdPktK d/ ;wMD ftu ;jkfJe (Helped in understanding
(C) okiBhfse ftek; dh ftfGzB fdPktK d/ ;wMD ftu ;jkfJe (
(C) okiBhfse ftek; dh ftfGzB fdPktK d/ ;wMD ftu ;jkfJe (
the Different Directions of Political Development)–)– )–)– )–okiBhfse ;z;feqsh fdqPNhe'D B/ fJj
;wMD ftu th ;jkfJsk ehsh fe feT[A ftfGzB okiBhfse ;wki okiBhfse ftek; dh ftfGzB fdPktK ftu
ikD b~r/ jB< fJ; Bkb fJj th ;gPN j'fJnk fe feT[A okiBhfse ftnt;EktK, ;wkfie, nkofEe ns/
okiBhfse pzXBK Bkb pzBQh j'D s/ th okiBhfse gsB dh soc n~r/ j'D brdhnK jB<
T[go'es ftt/uB s'A fJj th ;gPN j' iKdk j? fe okiBhfse ;z;feqsh fe;/ d/P d/ okiBhfse ftekop Bz{ fBo{fgs
eoB ftu, fe feT[A e'Jh ;wki b'esKsfoe ;z;EktK Bz{ nk;kBh Bkb ngDk b?Adk j? ns/ j'o ;wki ;t/Skukoh
ftXhnK iK sohfenK Bz{ fInkdk ;j{fbns tkb/ wzBdk j?, wjs~tg{oB fBnkwe ofjzdh j?. fJ; Bkb fJj ;gPN
j? fe okiBhfse ;z;feqsh dk T[gkrw s[bBkswe okiBhfse ftPb/PD ftu pj[s T[g:'rh j?. fJj okiBhfse
nkX[fBeheoD d/ T[grw dhnK ewhnK dh g{osh eoB tkbk T[grw th wzfBnk ik ;edk j?.

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